Swiss architects Pierre de Mellon and Hezong are the main stadiums of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. The design of the giant stadium, which was jointly completed by Herzog and De Mellon (both from Switzerland), winners of Plic Prize in 200 1 year, and China architect Li Xinggang (chief designer of China), is like a "bird's nest" that breeds life, more like a cradle, bearing the hope of mankind for the future. The designer did not do any unnecessary treatment to the National Stadium, but frankly exposed the structure, thus naturally forming the appearance of the building. Many people who have seen the design model of the "Bird's Nest" describe it as a warm bird's nest made of a stadium with a capacity of 65,438+10,000 people and a branch-like steel net! The "nest" used to nurture and take care of life places human hopes for the future. The components of the whole stadium structure support each other to form a grid-like frame, which looks like a bird's nest woven with branches. Its gray mineral-like steel mesh is covered with transparent film material, which includes a reddish bowl-shaped stadium stand. Here, the hollow-out technology, ceramic lines, the red brilliance and enthusiasm in China traditional culture are perfectly integrated with the most advanced modern steel structure design. The whole building is connected by a huge net structure, and there are no columns inside. The grandstand is a complete bowl shape, without any shelter, like a huge container, which brings incredible drama and unparalleled shock to the stadium. This even and continuous ring will also give the audience the best view, stimulate their excitement and inspire athletes to sprint faster, higher and stronger. Here, people are truly given a central position. More subtly, the "Bird's Nest" slightly raised the outdoor terrain of the whole stadium, and placed many ancillary facilities under the terrain, which not only avoided the huge investment consumed by underground excavation, but also landed slowly at the edge of the outdoor square, and built 2,000 open-air seats in the warm-up venue according to the situation, which was organically integrated with the surrounding environment and saved investment again. Guan Guan, chairman of the judging committee and academician of China Academy of Engineering, commented that this building has no redundant treatment, and everything has an image because of its function, and the architectural form and structural details are naturally unified. The jury and many other architectural experts agreed that the "Bird's Nest" will not only set up a unique historic landmark for the 2008 Olympic Games, but also be of pioneering significance in the history of world architectural development, and will provide historical testimony for the development of China and the world architecture in the 2nd/kloc-0th century. It is not easy to design and build the "Bird's Nest", and it is even more difficult to make the "Bird's Nest" full of vigor and vitality in the future. According to reports, the concept of thrifty hosting the Olympic Games and sustainable development has been running through the design of the "Bird's Nest" at the beginning and in the process of deepening the design. On the premise of meeting the Olympic functions, the balance between permanent facilities and temporary facilities should be fully considered. According to the requirements, the Bird's Nest has 654.38+million seats, of which 80,000 are permanent and the other 20,000 are temporarily added during the Olympic Games. On this basis, the function of the "Bird's Nest" is combined with the future orientation of the surrounding areas and even the long-term development planning of the whole city. According to the established planning scheme, the central area of the Olympic Park where the "Bird's Nest" is located will become a civic activity center integrating sports competitions, conferences and exhibitions, culture and entertainment, business and leisure shopping. As the main stadium of Beijing Olympic Games, the "Bird's Nest" will become one of the landmark buildings in Beijing, and it will also become a hot spot for people to visit and travel for a long time. At the same time, in the design and construction of the "Bird's Nest", great efforts have been made in the versatility of the site and space to improve the utilization efficiency of the site. In addition to undertaking the opening and closing ceremonies and sports competitions, it will also meet the needs of fitness, business, exhibitions and performances, laying a solid foundation for the successful implementation of "post-Olympic development". As the main stadium of Beijing Olympic Games, the National Stadium will adopt solar photovoltaic power generation system. Green Olympics, high-tech Olympics and people's Olympics are the three major themes of Beijing Olympic Games. Suntech's solar photovoltaic power generation system is located in the Bird's Nest, which integrates clean and environmentally friendly solar power generation with the National Stadium. It is not only an excellent embodiment of the three themes of the Beijing Olympic Games, but also plays a positive role in promoting the use of green energy, effectively controlling and reducing air pollution in Beijing and surrounding areas, and advocating a green lifestyle. At present, the technology of solar photovoltaic power generation system is at the advanced level in the world. The solar power generation system is independently developed by Wuxi Suntech Solar Power Co., Ltd. and exclusively provided to the National Stadium. It is installed on the main channel of the National Stadium 12, with a total investment of RMB10,000,000 and a total capacity of 130 kW, which will be a good supplement to the power supply of the National Stadium. Nightmare /ty's answer adoption rate: 76.5% 2008-08-07 12:45 "Report Bird's Nest" is the main stadium of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. The design of the giant stadium, which was completed by Plic Prize winners Herzog and De Mellon in cooperation with China architects on 200 1, looks like a "bird's nest" that breeds life, more like a cradle, and bears the hope of mankind for the future. The designer did not do any unnecessary treatment to the National Stadium, but frankly exposed the structure, thus naturally forming the appearance of the building. The top of the National Stadium is saddle-shaped, with a major axis of 332.3 meters, a minor axis of 296.4 meters, a height of 68.5 meters at the highest point and a height of 42.8 meters at the lowest point ... On the premise of keeping the architectural style of the "Bird's Nest" unchanged, the new design scheme has greatly adjusted and optimized the structural layout, building cross-sectional form and material utilization rate. The openable roof in the original design scheme was cancelled, the opening of the roof was increased, and the steel consumption was greatly reduced by optimizing the steel structure. The long-span roof is supported on 24 truss columns with an interval of 37.96 meters. The main trusses are radially arranged around the opening in the middle of the roof, and 22 main trusses are straight or nearly straight. In order to avoid too complicated joints, a few main trusses are truncated near the inner ring. A large number of steel structures are box-shaped members welded by steel plates, and the cross-arranged main trusses, together with the substructure of the roof and facade, form a special architectural shape of "Bird's Nest". The main stand adopts reinforced concrete frame-shear wall structure system, which is completely separated from long-span steel structure. The "Bird's Nest" is surrounded by a huge steel net, covering the stadium of 9 1 000 people. Sightseeing stairs naturally become an extension of the structure; The pillars are gone, and the net with uniform stress has no clear direction like branches, which makes people feel that every seat is equal, and being in it is like returning to the forest; Filter sunlight into a diffusion inflatable membrane, so that the stadium bid farewell to the shadow of sunlight; The whole terrain rises by 4 meters, and the interior is used as an auxiliary facility, which avoids the huge investment consumed by excavation. Bird's Nest is a long-span curved structure with a large number of curved box structures. Design and installation are extremely challenging, and scientific and technological support is indispensable everywhere in the construction process. The "Bird's Nest" adopts today's advanced construction technology, and there are twenty or thirty technical problems in the whole project, among which the steel structure is unique in the world. The total weight of the "Bird's Nest" steel structure is 42,000 tons, and the maximum span is 343 meters. And the structure is quite complicated, and its three-dimensional distortion is treated like a twist. Problems such as settlement, deformation and hoisting after construction are gradually being solved, and related construction technical problems are also listed as key research projects of the Ministry of Science and Technology. Now, the "Bird's Nest" has completed the concrete construction and started the steel structure construction. In order to effectively control the maximum wall thickness of members, reduce the welding workload and make the connection structure more reasonable, high-strength Q460 steel is adopted in the design. Speaking of Q460 steel, most people may not understand it. The structural design of "Bird's Nest" is strange and novel, and the steel structure Q460 built this time has many unique features: Q460 is a low-alloy high-strength steel, which will only undergo plastic deformation when the stress intensity reaches 460 MPa, which is greater than that of ordinary steel, so it is very difficult to produce. This is the first time that Q460 steel has been used in building structures in China. The thickness of the steel plate used this time is 1 10 mm, which is unique in the past. In the national standard, the maximum thickness of Q460 is only100 mm. In the past, this kind of steel was generally imported from Luxembourg, South Korea and Japan. In order to provide a "suitable" Q460 for the Bird's Nest, from September 2004, the researchers of Henan Wuyang Special Steel began to tackle scientific and technological problems for more than half a year, and the trial production was finally successful three times. Nowadays, mass production of Q460 steel for "Bird's Nest" has begun. In 2008, 400 tons of domestic Q460 steel with independent innovation and intellectual property rights will support the "Bird's Nest". Birds nest from eastern Congo to the savannah of South Africa, you can often see a weaver bird called the grey-headed finch. They weave nests with grass and many fibers with different elasticity and hang them on branches like strange fruits. Weavers choose strong animal hair-most commonly zebra or antelope hair, tie the nest firmly to the branches, and tie the hair into a knot with their mouths as a sign. Such a bird's nest can bear the full weight of a pair of adult birds and a few young birds living in it, and will not fall off no matter whether it is windy or rainy. At the beginning of this century, a natural science enthusiast, Eryenne Murray, found that young birds do not imitate their older partners when building nests. In order to rule out the possibility of young birds being trained, Yi Yan took some eggs from the woven nest and secretly put them in the canary nest raised by his family to hatch. When the chicks hatch and grow up, they are moved to another specific place, where they can form "partners" and have children. At the same time, they are not allowed to get any materials suitable for nesting, but are allowed to lay eggs directly at the bottom of the cage. The laid eggs were taken away again, and then the canary was hatched ... This repeated experiment made the fourth generation of weaver birds not only cut off contact with their predecessors and nature, but also be completely domesticated by human beings. Now, he puts a handful of grass, some slender branches and fibers in the birdcage. The weaver bird began to work with these materials in the cage. Soon, the birds made their nests in cages, and their styles were no different from those built by their free predecessors. They are familiar with construction technology, and their knowledge in this field is no less than that of their great-grandparents. They also know how to pad the bottom of the cage with soft but not strong horsehair, and they will never weave it into a nest wall by mistake. If there are scraps, they will use them to reinforce the connection between the bird's nest and the tree ribs on the cage and tie them into a "trademark" …