Balzac is a French national.
Time19th Century Works Type Foreign Literature
Works review
This article is the most vivid and dynamic masterpiece of Balzac's satires. The image of the miser Grandet has become an ugly expression of the miser. The desire for money extinguished all human emotions in Grandet. He neither knew love nor knew that he had ruined his daughter's happiness by himself. This novel criticizes naked money relations.
2. vanity fair
The author Thackeray is of British nationality.
Time19th Century Works Type Foreign Literature
Introduction to the work:
The works mainly reflect the ugly phenomena of interpersonal relationships such as intrigue, power struggle and snobbery in the upper class of the western bourgeoisie, and expose the society with money as its essence. The story is tortuous, the characters are complex and distinct, and the works give people endless feelings after reading.
3. The Old Man and the Sea
Hemingway, the writer, is an American citizen.
Types of Foreign Literary Works in the 20th Century
Introduction to the work:
Write about a lonely old man who went fishing alone, dealt with big fish, caught it and was eaten by a big shark.
The thrilling story of losing prey and going ashore alone. Praise people's will to work hard in the face of failure and never give in. Hemingway won the Pulitzer Prize and the Nobel Prize for this.
4. Bridges of Madison County
The nationality of the author J.R. Waller is unknown.
Foreign literature with unknown types of works
Introduction to the work:
The movie of the same name makes countless crazy men and women cry, Robert? Gint took photography as her hobby after divorcing Marianne, which is also the foundation of her life. A 67-year-old woman, Francesca. Robert met her on the trip and then wrote a letter, "Anyway, we must meet again, no matter when and where."
5. Jane Eyre
The author charlotte bronte is of British nationality.
Time19th Century Works Type Foreign Literature
Introduction to the work:
Jane? Love is an orphan girl, born in a poor priest family. My parents died of typhoid fever within a month. Young Jane was adopted by her uncle and aunt. After her uncle Mr. Reed died, Jane lived a life of discrimination and abuse for 10 years. Once, Jane was put in the red house for resisting her cousin's beating. Physical pain and mental humiliation and fear made her seriously ill.
My aunt regards her as a thorn in her side and separates her from her children. Since then, the confrontation between her and her aunt has become more open and determined. Later, Jane was sent to lowood orphanage.
The orphanage has strict rules and a hard life, and the dean is a cold hypocrite. Jane continued to suffer mental and physical abuse in the orphanage. Children often die in orphanages because of poor living conditions. Jane stayed in school to teach for two years after graduation, when her good friend Helen died of lung disease. Jane was tired of life in an orphanage and advertised for a governess.
The housekeeper of Thornfield Manor hired her. Rochester, the owner of the manor, often travels outside. There is only one girl, Adele, who is under 10. Valentine, Rochester is her protector, and she is Jane's student. One night, Jane went out for a walk and met her host who had just returned from abroad. This is the first time they have met. Later, she found out that her master was a moody person, and his attitude towards her was sometimes good and sometimes bad. The whole house is gloomy and empty, and sometimes you can hear creepy strange smiles.
One day, Jane was awakened by this laughter in her sleep and found that Roches' room was on fire. Jane woke him up and helped him put out the fire.
Rochester often holds family dinners after he comes back. At a family dinner, she courted a beautiful lady named Blanche. Jane was called into the living room, but was snubbed by Blanche and her daughter. She endured humiliation and left the living room. At this time, she has fallen in love with Rochester. In fact, Rochester has fallen in love with Jane, and he just wants to test Jane's love for himself. When he proposed to Jane, Jane promised him.
On the eve of the wedding, Jane saw an ugly woman wearing her wedding dress in front of the mirror in the dim light.
The next day, when the wedding was quietly going on in the church, suddenly someone sent a certificate: Mr. Rochester got married 15 years ago. His wife is the crazy woman locked in the secret room on the third floor. The law hindered their love and made them fall into deep pain. Jane left Rochester on a stormy night. On the way to find a new way out of life, I lived a simple life, begging all the way and going through hardships. Finally, I was lucky enough to become a priest in Zedi Palace. John accepted the invitation to teach in a local primary school.
Soon, Jane learned the news of her uncle's death and left her a legacy. At the same time, she found St.? John is her cousin, and Jane decided to share the property equally. Saint? John is a fanatic and intends to preach in India. He proposed to Jane and went to India with him. Jane turned him down and decided to return to Rochester.
She returned to the ruined Thornfield Manor. The crazy woman set fire to the building and fell to her death. Rochester was also injured and disabled. Jane found him, married him and got her ideal happy life.
6. Phantom Charm
Balzac is a French national.
Time19th Century Works Type Foreign Literature
Works review
Money not only destroys the best feelings of human beings, but also corrodes the innocent souls of young people. Through this novel, Balzac shows how talents are destroyed in bourgeois society and how literature and art become the object of shameless trading. Balzac returned to the theme of Paris youth's famous fate and created a typical image.
7. "Good soldier and handsome"
Author Ya Hasek, Czech nationality.
Types of Foreign Literary Works in the 20th Century
Works review
This is a novel based on the experience of an ordinary Czech soldier Shuaike in the First World War. The author himself was a soldier in Russia, and all the materials came from real experiences. It was really touching to read, which made people hate the war and expressed deep sympathy for the humble and buried hero Shuaike.
About the author: Czech writer. Born in a poor teacher family in Prague. After graduating from business school, there is no fixed occupation. Worked as a short-term editor. I took an active part in demonstrations against the rulers when I was in middle school. Once influenced by anarchism. After the outbreak of World War I, he was drafted into the army and went to Russia with the troops. 19 18 joined the Soviet red army and soon joined the Bolshevik party. 1920 returned to the motherland. 1923 died in Lipnietzsche village. He mainly writes short stories, political essays and essays. Most of the works expose the corruption of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the hypocrisy of the Czech bourgeoisie in an ironic style, reflecting the tragic experience of the lower classes. The Murderer on Trial, Redemption, Lake Balaton, Tragedy in the Mine, Maid Anna's Day and Biography of Xavier Piglet are all his important works. The characteristics of these works are: the plot is simple, and the whole story structure focuses on strengthening the social conflicts revealed by the works; In characterization, villains are highlighted, and their inner shameful and ugly side is exposed to readers through painting.
Hasek's representative novel "The Elite Handshake" (1920 ~ 1923) and his translation of "The Adventures of the Elite Handshake" are outstanding political satires. It has been translated into more than 50 languages, including Chinese, and is widely circulated in the world.
8. Father and son
The author Turgenev is of Russian nationality.
Foreign literature with unknown types of works
Works review
This novel is Turgenev's masterpiece and a relatively successful social and political novel. By describing the love triangle between Bal Saro Fenech Ka and Kirsha Novo, the novel reflects the irreconcilable struggle between the advanced youth's thoughts and the conservative aristocratic thoughts, and the parents and children in the novel are branded with their thoughts. The description of the work is vivid, delicate and profound, which gives readers a high degree of artistic enjoyment.
9. The Count of Monte Cristo
The writer Dumas is of French nationality.
The types of modern works in the era of foreign literature
Works review
Published in 1844, the novel describes a sailor who was framed during the Restoration, spent 14 years in prison looking for treasure, and finally took revenge as the count of Monte Cristo. |||| The novel was published in 1844.
In the novel, it describes the story of a sailor who was framed during the restoration period, spent 14 years in prison looking for treasure, and finally took revenge as the count of Monte Cristo. |||| The novel was published in 1844.
In the novel, it describes the story of a sailor who was framed during the restoration period, spent 14 years in prison looking for treasure, and finally took revenge as the count of Monte Cristo. ||||||| The novel was published in 1844.
In the novel, it describes the story of a sailor who was framed during the restoration period, spent 14 years in prison looking for treasure, and finally took revenge as the count of Monte Cristo. |||| The novel was published in 1844.
In the novel, it describes the story of a sailor who was framed during the restoration period, spent 14 years in prison looking for treasure, and finally took revenge as the count of Monte Cristo.
10, bird
Tagore is an Indian national.
The types of modern works in the era of foreign literature
Introduction: * * * A total of 325 poems have been collected, most of which are from The Dust Collector. This collection is actually a record of the poet's inner journey, just like the footprints left by a traveling bird. He revealed many truths in life with the viewpoint of evolution and simple dialectical view, and revealed the author's own mysticism and religious view.
1 1, Romance of the Three Kingdoms
The authors are from Luo Guanzhong and China.
Classical masterpieces of Ming dynasty
Works review
This book is the first novel in the history of China literature, the first historical romance novel and the first chapter novel. It describes the hundred-year history from the end of Han Dynasty to the unification of Jin Dynasty, describes the political and military struggles within the ruling group and between Wei Shuwu, reflects the turbulent social situation at that time, exposes some evils of Dong Zhuo and other rulers, and shapes many characters such as Zhuge Liang, Cao Cao, Zhou Yu, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei.
12, Water Margin
The authors are from Shi Naian and China.
Classical masterpieces of Ming dynasty
Works review
Novel. This is one hundred and twenty copies. The main idea of this book is to describe the resistance struggle of Liangshan heroes. It created jy, Lin Chong, Lu and other Liangshan heroes, exposed the cruelty and decay of the feudal ruling class, exposed the social contradictions at that time, and reflected the citizens' yearning for life.
13, Journey to the West
The authors are from Wu Cheng'en and China.
Classical masterpieces of Qing dynasty
Works review
The Journey to the West, on the other hand, with rich fantastic imagination, described the adventures and struggles of the four masters and apprentices who entered the barren land on the distant Western Heaven Road, turned the difficulties and obstacles they experienced into the eighty-one difficulties set by demons, vividly showed the dangers and obstacles of heartless mountains and rivers with the sentient spirit turned by animals, and praised the fighting spirit of Buddhist scriptures to overcome difficulties with the song of magic reduction. This novel is the victory of mankind over nature.
14, A Dream of Red Mansions
The author Cao Xueqin is of China nationality.
Classical masterpieces of Qing dynasty
Works review
A Dream of Red Mansions is a great masterpiece, and its theme, content and application of various art forms should be unprecedented in the history of China's novels. However, this literary masterpiece with the flavor of "encyclopedia" only existed in the first 80 times. Due to various political and historical reasons, although Cao Lao "read it for ten years and deleted it five times", he still has not spread the whole book to the world. It is five times in this decade that gives us some basis to speculate on the ending of the original work and the last forty chapters, which makes many people pay attention to this masterpiece handed down from ancient times. This is also the charm of A Dream of Red Mansions, just like the brokeback Venus. ......
15, Romance of Gods
The writer is Xu from China.
Classical masterpieces of Ming dynasty
Works review
Ming dynasty novels. The author has two theories, Xu Linzhong and Lu Xixing, both of which have isolated evidence and are difficult to prove. The completion time of this book is uncertain, and it is generally believed to be between Qin Long in Ming Dynasty and Wanli in Ming Shenzong. The earliest book in existence is Shu Zaiyang's publication in Ming Dynasty, with 20 volumes 100 times, with another name "The History of Warring Kings". In the preface of the first volume, Li Yunxiang (Lin Wei) said, "I should continue mink, delete its absurdity, and get rid of its vulgarity", so Li Yunxiang should be the collator.
The legend of "Zhou Ge is still Ming Dynasty" has been recorded sporadically since the Han Dynasty. Folk artists in the Song and Yuan Dynasties all told this story. Today's Yuan Dynasty publication "Wu Wang Fahuaping" is one of their manuscripts, aiming at exposing Shang Zhouwang's cruelty, taking Zhou Wenwang as the ideal "benevolent king" and Jiang Ziya as assistant minister. Accordingly, The Romance of the Gods is full of rumors and beneficial to fiction. "It is nothing more than the vanity of the dispute between Shang and Zhou Dynasties, and it is a fable" (Lu Xun's A Brief History of Chinese Novels). Hajj in romance is blasphemous in poetry, so Nu Wa ordered three demons to help Zhou as a wedge, and described da ji's lewd and tyrannical deeds. Jiang Ziya met in his later years, and after Xibo returned to Zhou, he rose up and opposed the business. The central content is to describe the tortuous process of the Shang and Zhou wars, during which demons and ghosts appeared one after another, each helping. There are two schools of Taoism and Buddhism that help the Zhou Dynasty to explain religion, while those who help the Zhou Dynasty cut off religion. Both sides showed their magical powers, killed each other, and eventually lost. Later, Zhou Wang set himself on fire, and the prince of Wu succeeded in doing business, ending in Jiang Ziya's altar and Zhou Wuwang's enfeoffment of the nations. The late Ming Dynasty was an engraving of The Romance of Ghosts and Ghosts.
The ideological content of Romance of Gods is complicated. On the one hand, Zhou Wang's cruelty is described by setting up a pot, cooking a pot, dissecting a pregnant woman and knocking on the bone marrow, thus revealing the basis of the anti-business struggle. Historically, Shang and Zhou dynasties were two tribes, and there was no clear relationship between monarch and minister. The author treats King Wu's attack as "attacking the monarch with officials" and "attacking the superiors from the bottom up", which is a move of "destroying the husband alone", while Jiang Ziya called on the governors to "attack the people" with the idea that "the world is not ruled by one person, but also by the world", which highlighted the two sides. The plots such as Nezha's evisceration and Huang's anti-Shang's return to Zhou further emphasize the spirit of "father forcing son to rebel" and "monarch forcing minister to rebel" and have to rebel. These descriptions obviously violate the relationship between monarch, minister and father stipulated by feudal ethics, and have certain progressive significance. The description of Zhou Wang's long-term indulgence and wanton killing of ministers coincides with some facts of political corruption in the late Ming Dynasty, and his new ideas are obviously closely related to the social ideological trend that appeared at that time. But on the other hand, the book is full of the concept of destiny that "the soup of life is exhausted and goes on and on". The people who participated in the Shang and Zhou wars were all just "the fate of heaven and earth has been finished, and the fate has moved", and without exception, "a soul stepped on the altar" after being killed, which blurred the boundary between justice and injustice and shrouded a strong fatalism and mystery. In addition, the author has repeatedly advocated the thought of "Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism" and the thought of "female disaster", which is the most poisonous to women and greatly weakens its ideological significance.
The Romance of the Gods has certain artistic characteristics. It gives full play to the imagination and exaggeration of myths and legends, endows all kinds of characters with strange shapes, and makes Yang Ren gouge out his eyes and give birth to magical eyes in his palm. Lei Zhen has flying wings, and Nezha can turn into a superhuman powers. Fairy magic is also unpredictable, such as Tu's method of escaping from the ground and water and his method of killing people, which left a deep impression on readers. The novel has made some achievements in characterization, such as da ji's insidious cruelty, Yang Jian's resourcefulness and bravery, Wen Zhong's loyalty and ignorance, and Shen's malicious provocation. And they all wrote certain words. Some plots are also quite tortuous and vivid. For example, in the passage "What Makes the Sea Noisy", seven-year-old Nezha plays by the river, giving birth to an unexpected struggle, which is coherent and climaxes. At the same time, it also shows the development process of Nezha's character from naive to brave. In addition, such as Huang's rebellion, the wide three-tour Biyou Palace and so on. There are also complicated and detailed descriptions.
Although this book has the above characteristics, on the whole, Romance of the Gods tends to be narrative in artistic description, ignoring the revelation of the inner activities of the characters, so most of the characters are not distinct, but the story is repeated and similar, especially several times, which makes them feel the same and the plot development is not rigorous enough. It is a bit inferior to say that the author created this book to "integrate with Journey to the West and Water Margin". But since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it has been widely circulated among the people.
This book was printed in the Ming Dynasty, with 100 times, but it has disappeared in China. In the early Qing Dynasty, there were Preface to Zhou Standard, Preface to Chu People's Acquisition, and Four Learning Caotang Magazine, all of which were 100 times. In recent years, People's Literature Publishing House has a passport for punctuation marks.
16, Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio
Author Pu Songling, China nationality.
Classical masterpieces of Qing dynasty
Works review
Collection of short stories in classical Chinese. Song Zuoling in Qingpu. There are 16 volumes and 431 articles. On the basis of collecting a large number of folk tales and drawing lessons from previous works, the author has created many excellent works through his rich imagination. By talking about foxes and ghosts, we exposed the corruption and darkness of officialdom at that time, exposed the drawbacks of the imperial examination system and the incompetence of examiners, described the love story between people and foxes and ghosts, and showed the ideal glory of young men and women breaking through the shackles of feudal ethics.