Hotel is an extension of a country or city culture and a microcosm of a country or city. The interior design of the hotel fully reflects the grade, culture, orientation, target customers and so on of a hotel. Nowadays, more and more designers are aware of the importance of hotel interior design, and gradually participate more in hotel design. Because of this, the future hotel is not only a simple "design", it combines the hotel with the cultural concept, and conceives the design of travel, residence and lifestyle from the perspective of spatial planning and architectural structure. When design becomes the key and advantage of hotels, the design of high-end hotels is no longer just for the purpose of showing luxury and style, but closer to people's lives.
First, the status quo of hotel design in China
The interior design of China Hotel really began in 1980s and has been developed for more than twenty years. In this process, the level of domestic hotel design industry has been greatly improved, but there are still many unsatisfactory places, mainly in the following aspects:
1, design mode, lack of creativity and characteristics.
Traveling in hotels all over China, people will find that so many hotels are so similar in project planning, design style and techniques, materials and even plane layout. There are many reasons for this phenomenon, some are "takenism" because of the tight design time, and some are because the design unit lacks experience and has to imitate other existing project designs. The room decoration design of the hotel is even more strikingly similar, perhaps constrained by the evaluation of star-rated hotels.
But in fact, due to the different geographical environment of each hotel, the owner's investment and management orientation is also different, and the design status quo of this stereotyped and batch replication is extremely unscientific.
2. Attach importance to space hard decoration, but the design of accessories and artistic furnishings is relatively backward.
It is precisely because the domestic hotel design is still in the primary stage, so design units often focus most of their energy on the traditional interface decoration, and generally pay insufficient attention to "small pieces" such as lamps, furniture and artistic furnishings. In fact, with the improvement of economic level and the expansion of people's knowledge and experience, guests' requirements for staying in hotels have far exceeded the basic accommodation and catering functions. In addition, they also have higher expectations for the hotel's conference, business, entertainment, fitness, artistic atmosphere and other functions and environmental factors.
3. Main hall design and lighting room design.
This phenomenon also stems from the fact that designers don't really put people first. Lobby design is very important, because it is related to the first impression of the hotel. But after staying in the hotel, most of the time is spent in the guest room, which is the main part of the hotel to create benefits. Therefore, whether the room design is reasonable is closely related to the satisfaction of the guests and even the profit and loss of the hotel.
At present, domestic hotel designers have gradually matured from the initial simple imitation and plagiarism, and some designers have begun to focus on the mother culture and explore design techniques with national characteristics, which is worthy of our joy. However, we should also see that there are still various deficiencies in domestic hotel design, including those listed above. Our design can't really meet the requirements of the owners, so the top-grade hotel design in China is still monopolized by foreign design companies. We should learn from the advanced design concepts and explore a hotel design road that conforms to the characteristics of China as soon as possible.
Second, the hotel design and decoration-the basic requirements of interior decoration
The purpose of interior decoration is to create a natural, harmonious, comfortable and clean environment. The correct choice of color, texture, touch and luster of various decorative materials will greatly affect the indoor environment. Generally speaking, the choice of interior decoration materials should be comprehensively considered according to the following aspects.
(A) building categories and decorative parts
Buildings have various types and different functions, such as great hall, hospital, office building, dining room, kitchen, bathroom and toilet. And the choice of decorative materials has different requirements. For example, the auditorium is solemn, and the decorative materials are often marble, granite and other materials with hard texture and smooth surface, and the color is darker than colorful decorations. The atmosphere of the hospital is heavy and quiet, so it is advisable to use light colors and use smaller or plain flowers to coordinate the decorative materials.
The choice of materials is different with different decorative parts. The bedroom wall should be elegant and bright, but strong reflection should be avoided. Decorate it with plastic wallpaper and wall covering. The kitchen and bathroom should have a clean and hygienic atmosphere and be decorated with white tiles or terrazzo. Ballroom is an exciting place, the decoration can be colorful and colorful, and it is appropriate to use decorative materials that stimulate people's color and texture.
(2) Geography and climate
The choice of decorative materials is often related to the region or climate. The terrazzo and ceramic tiles on the cement floor dissipate heat quickly. Living on this floor for a long time will make people feel too cold and uncomfortable in a room heated in cold areas. Therefore, wooden floors, plastic floors and polymer synthetic fiber carpets should be selected, which have low thermal conductivity and make people feel warm and comfortable. In the hot south, cold materials should be used.
Cold drinks shops in summer, the use of cool colors such as green, blue and purple, make people feel cool. Basement and cold storage should use warm colors such as red, orange and yellow to give people a warm feeling.
(3) Site and space
Different venues and spaces should use decorative materials that are harmonious with people. In the hall, theater, etc. The space is large, the surface structure of decorative materials can be rough and hard, with outstanding three-dimensional effect, and patterns with large lines can be used. In spacious rooms, dark colors can also be used to harmonize large patterns, so as not to make people feel empty. For smaller rooms, such as most cities in China at present, we should choose materials with delicate texture, fine lines and colors to expand the space.
(4) Standards and functions
The choice of decorative materials should also consider the building standards and functional requirements. For example, hotels and restaurants are built in three-star, four-star and five-star hotels. To show their interior luxury, magnificence and even jewel-like luxury atmosphere to varying degrees, the decorative materials used should also be treated differently. Such as floor decoration, high-grade wool carpet, intermediate chemical fiber carpet or high-grade wood floor.
Air conditioning is an important aspect of the development of modern architecture, which requires decorative materials to have thermal insulation function, so foam wallpaper can be used for wall decoration, and thermal insulation or temperature regulating glass can be used for glass. In the indoor decoration of cinemas, conference rooms and broadcasting rooms, it is necessary to use perforated gypsum board, soft fiberboard, perlite and other sound-absorbing decorative materials to decorate the sound-absorbing board. In short, with the different requirements of buildings for acoustic heat, waterproof, moisture-proof and fire prevention, the selection of decorative materials should consider the corresponding functional requirements.
(5) Nationality
When choosing decorative materials, we should pay attention to the use of advanced materials and decorative techniques to reflect national traditions and local characteristics. For example, decorative gold foil and glazed products are unique decorative materials in China. These materials are generally used for the decoration of ancient buildings or memorial buildings, showing the characteristics of our nation and culture.
(6) Economy
Considering the choice of decorative materials from the economic point of view, there should be a general concept. In other words, we should not only consider one-time investment, but also consider the maintenance cost. We would rather increase investment on key issues to prolong the service life and ensure the overall economy. For example, in bathroom decoration, waterproof measures are extremely important, so it is necessary to appropriately increase investment and choose decorative materials with high water resistance.
The artistic effect of interior decoration mainly depends on three factors: the texture of materials and practices, line shape and color, that is, the three elements of architectural facing, which can also be said to be the basic requirements for decorative materials.
(1) texture
Any decorative materials and their practices will show different textures and feelings. For example, hard or soft, fine or rough, etc. Hard and smooth materials such as granite and marble show a sense of seriousness, strength and neatness. Elastic and soft materials such as carpets and textiles give people a soft, warm and comfortable feeling. Different methods of the same material can also achieve different texture effects, such as rough aggregate exposed concrete and smooth concrete wall showing completely different textures.
The texture effect of veneer is also closely related to the shape, volume and facade style of specific buildings. Rough decorative materials and practices are not necessarily suitable for buildings with small volume and slender facade, but they are better for buildings with large volume. In addition, the exterior wall decoration mainly depends on the far-reaching effect, and the material texture is relatively rough. Interior decoration is mostly observed at close range, and may even be in direct contact with people's bodies, usually using more exquisite materials. Interior walls of halls, theaters, auditoriums, conference halls and other large spaces. Our public facilities are properly decorated with materials with large lines, different textures and thicknesses. Because of the need of use, concave-convex texture and linear change are usually ignored in indoor floors, while soft floors such as tiles, terrazzo and parquet floors can express their unique texture through changes in colors and patterns, although their surfaces are smooth and flat.
(2) Linetype
Some frame joints and concave-convex lines are also factors that constitute the decorative effect of the facade. Gypsum, stone brush, natural stone, concrete lath, etc. Partitioning is not only to prevent cracking and meet the needs of construction, but also to decorate the proportion and sense of scale of the facade. For example, at present, buildings plastered with natural cement mortar generally use transverse concave joints or other materials with different textures and colors to fill the joints, which not only overcomes the defect of smooth plastering and flat texture, but also alleviates the feeling of uneven color of plastering in a large area.
(3) Color
Decorative materials are colorful, especially paint and other decorative materials. Changing the color of a building is usually much easier than changing its texture and line shape. Therefore, color is an important factor in the decorative effect of various materials.
Different colors will give people different feelings. Using this feature, buildings can show different effects, simple or gorgeous, warm or cool, backward or forward, and this feeling is also affected by the use environment. For example, the blue-gray tone looks cool and quiet in a hot climate, but it looks cold and depressing in a cold area.
Third, the development trend of international hotel design
At present, a new round of hotel design has begun around the world. New york, Tokyo, Paris, Hongkong, London, Shanghai and other international metropolises have recently emerged five-star hotels leading the trend of the new era. Although they belong to different hotel management companies, different locations and different scales, they all show some similarities, that is, they are more and more diversified, personalized and comprehensive.
This development trend tells us that today's hotels are no longer a single luxury type, but theme-oriented, boutique-oriented and design-oriented hotels have been more and more accepted by people. Emphasizing individuality, pursuing novelty and breaking through tradition become the design goals. The omnibearing and comprehensive compound hotel, which integrates eating, living, meeting, entertainment and leisure, also has a broad market.
The future hotel is not only a simple "design", it combines the hotel with the cultural concept, and conceives the design of travel, residence and lifestyle from the perspective of spatial planning and architectural structure. When design becomes the key and advantage of hotels, the design of high-end hotels is no longer just for the purpose of showing luxury and style, but closer to people's lives. It requires design to meet the psychological needs of guests. When guests enter the hotel, they will feel a warm, comfortable and welcome atmosphere. At the same time, the design embodies the regional culture. Hotels of the same brand have adopted different designs in different regions and different cultural backgrounds to reflect the regional cultural characteristics. When guests enter the hotel, they know where they are. For example, the display of works of art, the placement of sculptures, the use of different furniture and carpets and so on. Because the differences between different cultural backgrounds and different regions will be clearly expressed through these items, thus infecting people.
In addition, the design pays more attention to the role of hotel style. In hotel design, the role of hotel style is particularly important. Today's world is a fashionable world, different regions will have different fashions, and fashions guide styles and grades. Fashion rather than simple design, hotels with fresh culture will become the mainstream of hotel style in the future.
What's more worth mentioning is that the development of science and technology has brought new highlights to hotel design. With the development of high technology, more and more new technologies and materials have been applied to hotel design, which has improved the functions of the hotel and taken a step towards environmental protection. Among them, the guest room design is particularly representative, with larger room and bathroom space, excellent furniture, meticulous lighting, weak current design, plane layout breaking through the tradition, more high-grade and humanized indoor materials and facilities, elegant and classic artistic furnishings, which has the function of making the finishing point; The bathroom has become a stage where outstanding technology and meticulous thinking are concentrated. Even if guests are immersed in the bathtub, they can easily control the lighting, bathroom TV, hands-free phone and SPA music at any time, and the seat is also open and flushed by induction. The room is equipped with a fax machine with safety function, wireless or fixed-line internet access, and the size and performance of the bed are more and more comfortable, which meets the requirements of ergonomics. "Technology brings comfort" has become an important factor in the future hotel design and development.
In resort hotels and high-rise business hotels, more and more attention is paid to the importance of landscape and sight. Some high-rise business hotels set the lobby on the top floor, using the scenery outside the window and the city scenery as the irreplaceable background of the main table, extending the whole space. In catering, the buffet adopts the mode of multi-cuisine, open kitchen and closed service; Interior design is outdoor, paying attention to the overall coordination of indoor and outdoor environment, and there is no strict distinction between indoor and outdoor space. Independent restaurants are often completed by professional restaurant design companies, which are different from the whole hotel in style and become a trend.
Fourthly, the future direction of China hotel design.
Hotel design in China started late, but it developed very rapidly. At present, world-famous hotel groups have settled in China, which is an unprecedented opportunity for our interior designers. However, there are still many shortcomings, which require us to make continuous efforts to reach the goal of international level.
At present, the design of China Hotel should develop in a more professional direction. The hotel building is highly complex and comprehensive, which requires hotel design to follow a highly specialized operation mode, and requires every participant in hotel design and construction to participate in coordinated operation at the same time. Professional hotel design is an important guarantee for hotel success.
In the future, hotel design should be more humanized and green. Designers should pay attention to the functional streamline distribution and space utilization efficiency of the whole hotel. If the spatial streamline is unreasonable, it will directly affect and reduce efficiency, and it will also waste a lot of resources, energy and manpower. As designers, we should carry out the concept of green in all aspects to achieve real environmental protection. It is important for interior design to create an innovative environment, but comfort is more important for hotels. Also pay attention to the use of materials, that is, whether the materials themselves are durable, easy to clean and maintain, and the location and form of application are what a hotel designer needs to pay attention to. In the future hotel design, it is necessary for designers to improve the use of materials and design techniques suitable for hotels. In the future, China World Hotel will better integrate China regional culture and national culture into hotel design.
At the same time, designers should do a lot of homework in the early stage of design, such as understanding the owner's vision and business model, studying local customs and humanistic characteristics, understanding the market analysis and positioning of hotel management companies, and creating a hotel design with unique image and characteristics according to the different characteristics of each project. Exquisite lamps with beautiful lighting effects, fashionable furniture in harmony with the surrounding environment, furnishings with strong artistic appeal, and even a set of exquisite tableware, all of which are out of the sight of some designers, can bring unusual surprise experiences to guests. Therefore, designers should reasonably control the total cost of the project, and put accessories, furnishings and hard decoration on the same important level for comprehensive consideration, so as to obtain the best overall hotel environment. In guest room design, designers should focus on the design of furniture and lamps, the color of curtains, the details of wine cabinets and wardrobes, and provide corresponding functional facilities according to the different positioning of the hotel.
In the future, hotel design will have a broad market in China. Understanding the trend of international hotel design and recognizing the present situation of domestic hotel design will better integrate hotel design with international fashion and create high-level classic hotel works with oriental characteristics and international standards.