How do primary school students prevent fires?
1, lit candles, mosquito-repellent incense should be placed on special shelves, not near curtains, mosquito nets and other flammable items.
2. When looking for things under the bed and in the attic, don't use open flames such as oil lamps, candles and lighters for lighting.
3. Primary and secondary school students are not allowed to carry matches, lighters and other kindling with them.
4, can't disorderly pull, disorderly pull wires, electrical appliances, unplug the bolt in time after using electrical appliances.
5, found that the gas leakage, to close the valve, open the doors and windows, don't touch the electrical switch and use open flame.
6, balcony, corridor can't burn paper, fireworks.
7. Smoking is harmful to health. Students should not smoke. It's more dangerous to hide and smoke.
8. When using electric lights, don't touch or get close to flammable materials.
Classification of fire extinguishers
There are many types of fire extinguishers, which can be divided into: portable and cart-type; According to the power source driving the fire extinguishing agent, it can be divided into gas cylinder type, pressure storage type and chemical reaction type, and according to the filled fire extinguishing agent, it can be divided into foam, dry powder, haloalkane, carbon dioxide, acid and alkali, clear water and so on.
Fire extinguisher suitable for fire and its usage (portable)
Foam extinguisher is suitable for fire and its use.
Scope of application:
It is suitable for fighting general Class B fires, such as oil and grease fires, and also suitable for Class A fires, but it cannot fight water-soluble flammable and combustible liquids, such as alcohol, ester, ether, ketone and other substances in Class B fires; It is also impossible to put out live equipment and class C and D fires.
Usage: You can carry the lifting ring on the top of the bucket and go to the fire quickly. At this time, care should be taken not to tilt the fire extinguisher excessively, nor to hold it horizontally or upside down, so as to avoid mixing the two chemicals and spraying it in advance. When the distance from the ignition point is about 10 meter, the cylinder can be turned upside down, with one hand holding the bail tightly and the other hand holding the cylinder bottom ring, aiming the jet at the combustion products. When putting out flammable liquid fire, if it is already flowing and burning, spray foam from far and near to make the foam completely cover the burning liquid surface; If burning in a container, the foam should be shot at the inner wall of the container, so that the foam can flow along the inner wall and gradually cover the fire surface. It is strictly forbidden to spray directly on the liquid surface, so as to avoid the burning liquid from being scattered or rushing out of the container due to the impact of the jet, and expand the combustion range. When putting out the fire of solid matter, the jet should be aimed at the place where the fire burns most violently. When putting out a fire, with the shortening of the effective spraying distance, users should gradually approach the burning area and always spray foam on the burning object until it is extinguished. When in use, the fire extinguisher should always be turned upside down, otherwise the spraying will be interrupted.
(Portable) foam extinguisher should be stored in a dry, cool, ventilated and convenient place, not near high temperature or places that may be exposed to sunlight to prevent carbonic acid from decomposing and failing; Anti-freezing measures should be taken in winter to prevent freezing; And should always wipe the dust, dredge the nozzle, keep unobstructed.
The cart-type foam extinguisher adapts to fire and its usage.
Its adaptability to fire is the same as that of portable chemical foam extinguisher.
Usage: When using, it is usually operated by two people. First push and pull the fire extinguisher to the fire point quickly, and stop at a place about 10 meters away from the fire point. After one person applies the spray hose, hold the spray gun tightly with both hands and aim at the burning place. The other is to turn the handwheel counterclockwise, so that the screw rises to the highest position, so that the bottle cap is completely opened, and then pour the steel bottle backwards, so that the pull rod touches the ground, rotate the valve handle 90 degrees, and spray foam to extinguish the fire. If the valve is installed at the spray gun, the person in charge of operating the spray gun will open the valve.
The fire extinguishing methods and precautions are basically the same as those of portable chemical foam extinguisher, which can be used for reference. This kind of fire extinguisher can give full play to its advantages because of its long spraying distance and long continuous spraying time, and can be used to extinguish the initial fire of large-area storage tanks or tankers.
Air foam extinguisher adapts to fire and its usage.
Scope of application:
The scope of application is basically the same as that of chemical foam extinguisher. However, solvent-resistant foam extinguisher can also extinguish the fire of water-soluble flammable liquids, such as the initial fire of burning solvents such as alcohol, ether and ketone.
How to use:
When in use, you can quickly rush to the fire with your hands or shoulders. When it is about 6 meters away from the burning material, pull out the safety pin, and hold the opening handle in one hand and the spray gun in the other. Squeeze the opening handle hard, open the seal or puncture the seal of the gas cylinder, and the air foam can be ejected from the nozzle of the spray gun. The fire extinguishing method is the same as that of portable chemical foam extinguisher. However, when using the air foam extinguisher, the fire extinguisher should always be in an upright position, and it should not be used upside down or horizontally, otherwise the spraying will be interrupted. At the same time, always hold the open handle tightly, and don't let go, otherwise the injection will be interrupted.
Adaptability of acid-base fire extinguisher to fire and its use method
Scope of adaptation:
It is suitable for putting out the initial fire of Class A substances, such as wood, fabric, paper and other fires. It cannot be used to put out fires caused by the burning of Class B substances, nor can it be used to put out fires caused by Class C combustible gases or Class D light metals. At the same time, it cannot be used to put out the fire of charged objects.
How to use:
When in use, the upper part of the steel cylinder should be lifted by hand and rushed to the fire site quickly. Never put the fire extinguisher on your back, and don't tilt it too much to prevent the two liquids from mixing and spraying in advance. When it is about 6 meters away from combustible materials, the fire extinguisher can be reversed and shaken several times to speed up the mixing of the two liquids; Hold the lifting ring with one hand and the bottom ring under the cylinder with the other hand, and aim the jet at the place where the combustion is the fiercest. At the same time, with the decrease of injection distance, users should push closer to the burning place.
How to use a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher
When putting out a fire, you only need to lift or carry a fire extinguisher to the fire site. Put down the fire extinguisher and pull out the safety pin when it is about 5 meters away from the combustibles. Hold the handle at the root of the horn with one hand and the pressure handle of the switch valve with the other hand. For carbon dioxide fire extinguishers without water hose, the horn should be at 70-90 degrees with the upper plate. When using, you can't directly grasp the outer wall of the horn or the metal connecting pipe with your hands to prevent your hands from being frostbitten. When putting out fire, when combustible liquid burns in a flowing state, the user sprays the jet of carbon dioxide extinguishing agent from near and far to the flame. If combustible liquid burns in the container, the user should raise the horn. Spray into the combustion container from the upper part of one side of the container. However, the carbon dioxide jet can not directly impact the surface of combustible liquid, which prevents combustible liquid from being washed out of the container, expands the fire and brings difficulties to fire fighting.
Cart-type carbon dioxide fire extinguishers are generally operated by two people. When in use, two people push or pull the fire extinguisher to the burning place together and stop at a distance of about 10 meter from the burning object. One person quickly takes off the horn, unfolds the spray hose, holds the handle at the root of the horn, and the other person quickly turns the handwheel counterclockwise to the maximum position. The fire extinguishing method is the same as the portable method.
When using a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, if it is used outdoors, it should be sprayed in the upwind direction. If it is used in an outdoor narrow space, the operator should leave quickly after the fire is put out to prevent suffocation.
12 1 1 How to use portable fire extinguishers
When using, the handle or shoulder of the fire extinguisher should be close to the fire. Put down the fire extinguisher about 5 meters away from the burning place, first pull out the safety pin, hold the opening handle in one hand and the nozzle at the front end of the injection hose in the other. If the fire extinguisher has no spray hose, you can hold the opening handle with one hand and the bottom ring part at the bottom of the fire extinguisher with the other hand. Firstly, aim the nozzle at the burning place, and open the handle hard to make the fire extinguisher spray. When the rescued combustible liquid is flowing and burning, the user should aim at the root of the flame from near to far and from left to right and push it forward quickly until the flame is completely extinguished. If combustible liquid burns in a container, the quasi-flame should sweep from one side to the other. When the flame is driven out of the container, the jet should follow the flame until it is completely extinguished. However, it should be noted that the jet can not be directly sprayed on the surface of the burning liquid, so as to prevent the impulse of the extinguishing agent from rushing the flammable liquid out of the container, which will expand the fire and make it difficult to put out the fire. If the initial fire of combustible solid substances is put out, the jet should be aimed at the most violent place. After the flame is extinguished, measures should be taken in time to prevent reignition. 12 1 1 When using the fire extinguisher, it should not be inverted or placed horizontally, otherwise the fire extinguishing agent will not be sprayed out. In addition, when used outdoors, it should be sprayed in the upwind direction; When putting out a fire in a narrow room, the operator should evacuate quickly after the fire, because the extinguishing agent 12 1 1 is also toxic to prevent harm to human body.
How to use the cart 12 1 1 fire extinguisher?
When putting out a fire, there are generally two operations. First push or pull the fire extinguisher to the fire, and stop at a distance of about 10 meters from the burning place. One person quickly loosens the spray hose, grasps the spray gun and aims at the burning place. The other man quickly opened the fire extinguisher valve. The fire extinguishing method is the same as the portable 12 1 1 fire extinguisher.
Maintenance of cart fire extinguisher
The maintenance requirements of fire extinguishers for trolleys are the same as those for portable 12 1 1 fire extinguishers.
130 1 Use of fire extinguishers
130 1 The use method and application scope of the fire extinguisher are the same as those of 12 1 1 fire extinguisher. However, because the extinguishing agent 130 1 is sprayed in fog, its extinguishing ability is not as high as that of the fire extinguisher 12 1 1 when it is used outdoors in windy weather, so it should be sprayed in the windward direction.
Dry powder fire extinguisher adapted to fire and its use method
Sodium bicarbonate dry powder fire extinguisher is suitable for the initial fire of flammable, combustible liquids, gases and charged equipment; Ammonium phosphate dry powder fire extinguisher can be used not only for the above kinds of fires, but also for the initial fire of solid substances. But they can't put out the fire of metal burning.
When putting out a fire, you can quickly walk to the fire with a fire extinguisher in your hand or a fire extinguisher on your shoulder, and put down the fire extinguisher about 5 meters away from the burning place. If you are outdoors, you should choose to spray against the wind. If the dry powder fire extinguisher used is of external pressure storage type, the operator should hold the spray gun tightly with one hand and lift the opening bail on the gas cylinder with the other hand. If the cylinder is opened by handwheel, loosen it counterclockwise, turn it to the highest position, and then lift the fire extinguisher. When the dry powder is ejected, it is quickly aimed at the root of the flame. If the dry powder fire extinguisher used is built-in gas cylinder or pressure storage type, the operator should first unplug the safety pin on the opening handle, then hold the nozzle at the front end of the spray hose, and press the opening handle with the other hand to open the fire extinguisher to extinguish the fire. When using a fire extinguisher with a spray hose or an accumulator fire extinguisher, always hold down the handle with one hand and never let go, otherwise the spray will be interrupted.
When using dry powder fire extinguisher to put out flammable and combustible liquid fires, the quasi-flame should be directed at the main parts. If the extinguished liquid fire is flowing and burning, the root of the quasi-flame should be shot from near to far, left and right, until all the flames are extinguished. If combustible liquid burns in the container, the user should shake the root of quasi-flame left and right to make the sprayed dry powder flow cover the whole opening surface of the container; When the flame is driven out of the container, the user should continue to spray until the flame is completely extinguished. When extinguishing the flammable liquid fire in the container, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the nozzle is not directly aimed at the liquid level to prevent the impact of the jet from splashing flammable liquid, which will expand the fire and bring difficulties to the fire extinguishing. If the flammable liquid burns in a metal container for a long time, the wall temperature of the container is higher than the self-ignition point of the flammable liquid, and it is easy to re-ignite after fire extinguishing. If we cooperate with foam extinguisher, the fire fighting effect will be better.
When using ammonium phosphate dry powder fire extinguisher to put out solid combustible fire, it should be sprayed in the place where quasi-combustion is the fiercest, up and down, left and right. If conditions permit, the user can spray the fire extinguisher along the periphery of the combustion object, so that the dry powder extinguishing agent can be evenly sprayed on the surface of the combustion object until the flame is completely extinguished.
How to Use Cart Dry Powder Fire Extinguisher
The use method of cart dry powder fire extinguisher is the same as that of portable dry powder fire extinguisher.
Self-rescue in fire-how to save yourself after a fire
When the fire is getting bigger and bigger, it can't be put out immediately, and someone is trapped, you should try to escape as soon as possible. If doors, windows, passages and stairs have been sealed by fireworks, it is really impossible to rush out. You can pour some cold water on your head and body or wrap your head with wet towels and sheets, wrap your body with wet quilts and blankets, and then rush out of the danger zone. If the smoke is too heavy and suffocating, cover your mouth and nose with a mask or towel, walk or crawl as close as possible to the ground and cross the dangerous area. When the stairs have been burnt out and the passage has been blocked, keep calm and try to move from other safe places. According to the specific situation at that time, the following methods can be taken to get out of the danger zone.
First, you can walk out of the dangerous area from other stairs or outdoor fire exits. Some high-rise buildings are equipped with fire escapes, so people should be familiar with the passage to the fire escape, and they can quickly go downstairs from the safety door of the fire escape after the fire.
Secondly, if you live on a lower floor, you can use a strong rope (if you can't find the rope, you can tear the bedding, sheets or strong curtain cloth into strips and twist them into ropes), tie them to a strong window frame or bedstead, and then climb down slowly along the rope.
Third, if you are trapped by fire on the second floor, you can throw some bedding as cushions outside the building, and then climb up the window or balcony and jump down. This can shorten the distance and better ensure personal safety. If you are trapped above the third floor, don't jump in a hurry, because the distance is large and it is easy to cause casualties.
Fourth, you can move to other safer rooms, windows or balconies and wait patiently for firefighters.