1, common errors in hyperglycemia detection
Mistake 1: Take the exam when you think about it.
Some patients have irregular self-monitoring, so take a test as long as they think about it. In fact, diabetic patients should monitor blood sugar all day (7 times before and after meals and before going to bed) to understand the fluctuation of blood sugar all day.
Patients with stable blood sugar control can monitor their blood sugar for half a month to one month.
Patients with large blood sugar fluctuations or who are adjusting drugs should monitor their blood sugar for several days.
Sugar friends can also check the blood sugar level before and after eating this food when adding new food.
Blood sugar monitoring should be carried out regularly, and if something unexpected happens, it will happen.
Mistake 2: Adjust drugs when blood sugar is high.
The blood sugar measured by the blood glucose meter is only the blood sugar value at this moment, and it cannot reflect the blood sugar fluctuation in a day or a period of time.
Therefore, it is very dangerous to automatically increase or decrease drugs according to a certain measured blood sugar level, or to automatically decrease or even stop taking drugs after monitoring the normal blood sugar level. Only by providing multiple blood glucose monitoring results can doctors choose the most appropriate treatment plan.
Mistake 3: Stop using hypoglycemic agents without authorization before testing.
For most patients, blood sugar testing is to observe the therapeutic effect, and it is not necessary to stop using hypoglycemic drugs and other drugs being used before testing.
If sugar friends go to the hospital for fasting blood glucose test in the morning, it may take a long time, so it is best not to take hypoglycemic drugs or insulin before going out to avoid hypoglycemia, but other drugs such as antihypertensive drugs should still be taken as usual.
After detecting fasting blood sugar, sugar friends should take hypoglycemic drugs or insulin in time, and then eat breakfast according to their usual habits.
Mistake 4: Only fasting blood glucose is measured.
Some sugar friends think that blood sugar is closely related to diet, and it is not accurate and useless to measure blood sugar after meals, so they only monitor fasting blood sugar. As we all know, postprandial high blood sugar will also increase the risk of diabetic complications.
Therefore, diabetic patients should not only measure fasting blood glucose, but also measure postprandial blood glucose, and control postprandial blood glucose within10.0 mmol/L.
Mistake 5: With several blood sugar results, the doctor can adjust the medicine.
The formulation of hypoglycemic treatment plan must aim at all kinds of abnormal blood sugar within 24 hours, not just a few blood sugar monitoring values.
Some people have high blood sugar on an empty stomach, some people have high blood sugar after meals, some people have high blood sugar in the morning, some people have high blood sugar in the afternoon, and some people have high blood sugar at night, so it is very important to monitor the time of blood sugar.
In order to understand the condition, the general doctor will recommend measuring blood sugar 7 times a day. Seven times the blood sugar generally refers to the blood sugar before and 2 hours after meals and the blood sugar before going to bed.
Clinically, there are four times of blood glucose, which usually refers to blood glucose before breakfast, 2 hours after breakfast, 4:00-5:00 pm, 2 hours after dinner or before going to bed.
It is necessary to test the blood sugar of patients with recurrent hyperglycemia before breakfast at night. Blood sugar is usually measured at 2:00-3:00 pm.
When diabetic patients feel unwell and have signs of acute complications, their blood sugar should be tested immediately.
When the situation is serious, it is best to use 24-hour or even 72-hour continuous blood glucose monitoring.
Mistake 6: Monitor blood sugar 4-7 times a day.
Some sugar friends misinterpret the significance of monitoring blood sugar. Monitoring blood sugar 4-7 times a day not only increases medical expenses, but also increases psychological burden.
In fact, only some patients need to test their blood sugar 4-7 times a day in some cases, including patients who have just been diagnosed with diabetes, patients who need to adjust their treatment plans in hospitals, and 1 diabetic patients with unstable blood sugar.
Because, for most patients with stable condition, jump monitoring can be taken.
For example, blood sugar is measured 2 hours before breakfast and dinner today, 2 hours before breakfast and lunch tomorrow, and 2 hours before breakfast and after three meals the day after tomorrow.
After blood sugar control is stable, reduce the monitoring frequency and monitor for 2-3 days a week.
After the blood sugar control reaches the standard, test the blood sugar 2-5 times a week. Don't change the diet ratio casually, you can choose different time points.
For patients with gestational diabetes and adolescent diabetes, blood sugar testing should be more frequent. Even if the condition is stable, blood sugar should be measured at least 4 ~ 7 times a week. Please consult an endocrinologist for details.
Mistake 7: "After a meal" means counting after a meal.
2 hours postprandial blood glucose is mainly used for the diagnosis of diabetes and the evaluation of drug efficacy. It is usually counted from the first bite, not 2 hours after eating, and it is often wrong.
People with diabetes must remember the time of their first meal and then monitor their blood sugar 2 hours later.
Mistake 8: only monitor urine sugar, not blood sugar.
Generally, when the blood glucose is greater than 10.0mmol/L, urine glucose may appear because it exceeds the renal glucose threshold. At this time, detecting urine sugar can indirectly reflect blood sugar level. Blood sugar test reflects the blood sugar concentration when blood is drawn, while urine sugar reflects the average sugar concentration when urine accumulates in bladder, which is greatly disturbed by urine volume.
Urine glucose monitoring has great limitations, and the test results are easily disturbed and inaccurate, so urine glucose monitoring can not be used as an index for disease monitoring and drug efficacy evaluation. Never use urine sugar test instead of blood sugar test.
2. How should hyperglycemia be stable?
1, don't eat sweets, choose those staple foods with slow digestion.
For example, brown rice is slower than white rice, whole wheat steamed bread is slower than white steamed bread, oatmeal is slower than corn flakes, and beans such as red beans, kidney beans and broad beans are slower than all grains. In terms of cooking methods, soft boiled food is digested quickly, while food that needs to be chewed is digested slowly; Broken food is digested quickly, but food with complete particles is digested slowly.
For people who have no digestive system diseases, choosing food with slow digestion speed can keep the blood sugar reaction stable, and at the same time, they are full of physical strength for a long time after meals and are not easy to get sleepy.
2. Control the total amount of sugar and starch.
Even if you eat so-called coarse grains, the total amount should be controlled within a reasonable range. For example, some people think that corn is coarse grains and eat two big corn cobs every meal. In fact, if there are too many carbohydrates, the total blood sugar level will rise.
For another example, many people think that dried fruits are healthy, so eating a lot of dates, raisins, longan and dried apricots will also bring too much sugar, thus improving blood sugar response. It is enough to eat one handful of these dried fruits every day, otherwise the staple food will be deducted accordingly.
Step 3 eat fruit properly
Many people think that fruit is a high-sugar food, so if you want to control your blood sugar level, you should not eat more, but in fact, eating fruit will not aggravate your blood sugar as long as you eat it properly.
First of all, eat a small amount. Eating a lot may lead to a rapid increase in blood sugar. If the blood sugar lasts for a long time, it will increase the burden on islets. Hyperglycemia lasting for 2 hours will aggravate the cytotoxicity of hyperglycemia and cause pancreatic injury and edema.
Secondly, eat fruit on an empty stomach and avoid eating fruit after meals. Usually 9: 00 am to 9: 30 am and 3: 00 pm to 4: 00 pm; Around 9 o'clock before going to bed at night is appropriate. It is best to eat it at mealtimes, or it can be directly used as a meal food, which can prevent hypoglycemia and keep blood sugar from fluctuating greatly.
It is best to choose low-sugar fruits. The fruits with the highest sugar content are dried dates, longan and persimmon, which should not be used as the first choice food.
4. While eating staple food, eat more foods that delay the rise of blood sugar.
A large number of vegetables with little oil and foods rich in protein, such as bean products, milk and fish, can slow down the rise of blood sugar.
Eating more green leafy vegetables with staple food is especially beneficial, because it can not only effectively improve satiety, but also help prevent cognitive decline and stay away from various cancers, coronary heart disease and diabetes.
5, effectively improve the body's blood sugar control ability and improve insulin sensitivity.
The best way is to keep fit and lose weight. If the excess fat in the waist and abdomen is subtracted, the insulin sensitivity will increase and the blood lipid metabolism will return to normal. Improve the compactness of the body, enrich the muscles, and strengthen the ability of blood sugar control. A person with full muscles, full physical strength and endurance must have strong blood sugar control ability and look younger than his actual age.
6. Eat more foods that regulate blood sugar.
Pumpkin: Pumpkin contains fenugreek, sucrose, pentosan and mannitol, which can lower blood sugar in the body and will not cause hunger. Pumpkin can be used to replace some staple foods in daily life.
Guava leaves: Studies have proved that pomegranate leaves are better than fresh fruits and have a certain effect on regulating blood sugar. Animal experiments show that the effective component in leaves is flavonoid glycosides, which has no obvious effect on improving insulin level.
Tremella: Auricularia auricula is rich in dietary fiber and has low heat energy. In recent years, it has been reported that tremella fuciformis is rich in tremella fuciformis polysaccharide, which has obvious influence on the hypoglycemic activity of insulin. In addition, dietary fiber in tremella can delay the rise of blood sugar.
7. Dietary fiber and vitamins should be sufficient.
High-cellulose food can slow down the decomposition and absorption of carbohydrates and help balance blood sugar. Because eating less will lead to insufficient supply of vitamins and trace elements, it is advisable to eat more fresh vegetables. Fruit contains more fructose, so it is best to avoid eating it when blood sugar is not well controlled. It can be supplemented by oral multivitamin and mineral tablets (pills).