Ballet is an anaerobic exercise, which takes the basic movements of ballet as the training content, and its bodybuilding strength is incomparable to quantitative fitness exercise. Opening, jumping, straightness and standing are the four elements of ballet, which can contract muscle fibers, make all parts of the body develop in a balanced way and have a beautiful posture, and at the same time, show beauty intuitively and implicitly with melodious music accompaniment. Modern dance is not blindly passionate, but the soothing and relaxing steps are compatible with the elegance of ballet!
1. "Standing" means that the body should be upright and straight, and the center of gravity of the body should be accurately placed on the center of gravity of two legs or one leg. Its sense of space occupation is as proud and magnificent as a classical palace. This is in line with the style of classical ballet originated from the royal court, and its purpose is to show the style of royal aristocrats, rather than the taste of servants and civilians. Actors are required to tuck in their stomachs, hold out their chests, lift their center of gravity and shoot at high altitude, so that all kinds of dance movements and techniques can be completed accurately. It is one of the basic aesthetic standards of classical ballet.
2. "Accuracy" refers to accurately completing the specifications of each movement and dance, so that the movement route and position of the movement are accurate. Someone has done experiments. A skilled dancer did 100 times in training. His toes are rubbed to a point every time, and the route is not bad at all. Even highly technical movements are no exception. Another example is: after the dancer turns twice (720 degrees) in the air, five feet take off in the air and keep a good dance posture, and land in the fifth place accurately. This is especially important in classical ballet, even the movements with high technical content should be accurate, otherwise the action norms of classical ballet will be deformed and will soon lose its luster.
3. "Beauty" ballet, like other dances, is also a kind of visual art with strong appreciation, which requires a sense of beauty in every move, and ballet has extremely high requirements for beauty. It is "flowing music, moving sculpture". Limited by the time like music and influenced by the sculptural space, the choreographer reflects a beautiful life by discovering beauty and using beautiful dance forms, while the audience imagines and creates by perceiving the beauty of dance, thus causing emotional * * *.
"Tension" refers to the straightness of the dancer's ankle and instep, which is one of the fundamental aesthetic standards of classical ballet. Straightening training is mainly through the practice of Battentendu. In the process of various jumps, the lower limbs are tightened, the heels, soles and toes are pushed to the sky in turn, and the body lines are lengthened. Take Battement tendu as an example. During the movement, the heel pushes the instep and toes out until the toes rub to the farthest point, and the toes hook the center of the foot, while still maintaining the feeling of stretching, as if to penetrate the floor and continue to stretch. Ballet is a linear art. Only by stretching each part can the audience have a visual sense of the extension of body lines, and only by stretching can the limbs be slightly radioactive in a limited space and the dance be more stretched. Ballet once pursued a period of "spiritual emptiness". Dancers should have artistic charm to make their dance light and elegant. Only stretching can tighten their muscles and generate upward motivation.
5. "Straight" means that the knees of the main leg and the strength leg are straight and the back is vertical. In other words, the muscles of the whole body are elongated, so that ballet dance can achieve a perfect visual form of stretching and long lines. This is one of the basic aesthetic standards of classical ballet. There is also a saying that ballet is a linear art, and its movement route on the stage is mostly linear, which is also in line with the way of thinking in western countries. This is quite different from China's aesthetic standard of "circle and curve". A body perpendicular to the ground is also necessary for classical ballet techniques, such as rotation techniques. In addition to the whole body taut, high-altitude shooting, it is more important that the neck, back, waist and buttocks are perpendicular to the ground, so that the strength can be concentrated on the center line of the body. Only in this way can you make your rotation move, otherwise all rotation is impossible.
6. "Light" refers to the dancer's light and free movements, such as jumping, to strengthen the control ability of the body when taking off and landing. The whole body looks relaxed and moves freely, especially when landing, toes, soles and heels need to land in turn and squat slightly, just like a kitten with a meat pad on its foot, and there is no sound. As Ulan Rova, a ballet master of the former Soviet Union, said, "It is the dancer who makes the dance light, and lightness is the dancer". An excellent ballet dancer can control her body and breath well even when she is very tired, and always show her graceful and light dancing to the audience. Give people beautiful visual enjoyment and spiritual pleasure.
7. "Steady" means that the action should not only be accurate, but also be steady and steady. For example, in ballet, duets have many methods of lifting, which require the silent cutting of actors and actresses, so as not to make the audience feel that the actress is going to fall, and the staggered movements will make the audience watch in fear. In this case, we might as well go to see a thrilling acrobatic performance. In addition, when doing the rotation, the actor is required to maintain good stability in the rotation. At the end, the dance should stop at a point accurately and steadily. Coupled with the rendering of music, the artistic expression of the work will make the audience applaud warmly.
8. "Opening" means that dancers, whether male or female, need shoulders, chest, span, knees and ankles, and the five joint parts are symmetrically spread outward, especially the feet are spread outward at 180 degrees, which maximizes the dancer's body lines, expands the range of dance movements, enhances expressive force, and also enhances the balance ability and flexibility of the body. Jenny Cohen, a famous American dance critic, pointed out that "the classical style of ballet is based on the five postures of the feet." The essence of outward opening of these five postures is that the legs rotate outward at the hip joint. During the performance, show off and publicize aristocratic demeanor in the limited space of the stage. (As someone said, one ballet dancer shows importance, two show confidence, three are modesty, four are pride and five are artistic effects. Noble bearing is not only an important historical embodiment of ballet, but also an important part of aesthetic standards. Through systematic and scientific training, the body can reach the realm that non-professional dancers can't, and the body is idealized and professional.
Expansion: the development and characteristics of ballet
On ballet, the poet exclaimed, "She walks on the calyx, but she can't bend the stem!" " You can see that the dance is light. Theophil Gautier, a famous French writer, praised: "Miss Tarioni is the only dream dancer who can dance like a poet." Hugo, the literary giant, also wrote an inscription for the groundbreaking work of the ballet dancer Tarioni: "To your magical feet, to your magical wings!" This is the charm of ballet!
Ballet originated in Italy and flourished in France. The word "ballet" was originally the English translation of "French" ballet, which means "dancing" or "dancing". At first, ballet was a kind of mass entertainment or square dance in Europe. In the process of development, it has formed a strict norm and a form of deconstruction. Its main feature is that actresses have to wear special pointed shoes and dance on tiptoe. As a comprehensive stage art, ballet was formed in the French court in the17th century. 16 1 year, French king Louis XIV ordered the establishment of the world's first royal dance school in Paris, which established five basic feet and seven hands for ballet, giving ballet a complete set of movements and systems. These five basic feet have been used to this day.
Ballet is to use music, dance and pantomime to perform dramatic plots. Actresses often dance on tiptoe. Meaning:
(1) a form of stage dance, namely European classical dance, commonly known as ballet. This is a traditional European dance art with strict norms and structural forms, which is formed on the basis of folk dances all over Europe and has been continuously processed, enriched and developed for centuries. /kloc-after the 0/9 th century, an important technical feature is that actresses have to wear special tiptoe shoes and dance on tiptoe, so some people call it tiptoe dance.
(2) Ballet, originally referred to as classical ballet (or classical ballet), is a dramatic art that combines music, pantomime, stage art and literature to express a story or an emotional festival. After the emergence of modern dance in the 20th century, modern ballet, which combines modern dance and classical dance techniques as the main means of expression, is called modern ballet. Gradually, the word ballet has also been used to refer to ballet works with other dances as the main means of expression, although it is different from classical ballet or modern ballet in dance style, structural characteristics and expression techniques.
(3) A considerable part of the dance works created by modern choreographers have no story content and plot. The directors use European classical dance or modern dance, or combine them to express a certain mood, artistic conception, or the author's understanding of a musical work. These are also called ballet.
Ballet originated from the old Latin ballo. At first, the word only refers to dancing, or performing dancing in public, and has no meaning of theatrical performance. As a stage art, ballet was conceived in the grand banquets and entertainment activities in Italy during the Renaissance and formed in the French court in the17th century. This kind of court ballet is actually a comprehensive performance of dance, singing, music, recitation and drama with a loose structure under a unified theme. Designed by a professional dance teacher, with the king and nobles as actors and the female role played by men. The performance venue is in the center of the palace hall, and the audience is watching around the hall. Actors wear leather masks to mark different roles, so it is also called masked ballet.
166 1 year, Louis XIV ordered the establishment of the Royal Dance Academy in Paris. 65438+ Li Sailiu Bishop's Palace Theatre began to be used for ballet performances in 1970s. The change of the venue and the audience's viewing angle has caused the change of dance techniques and aesthetics, and the standing posture of the actors has become more and more open, thus formally determining the five basic positions of the feet, which has become the basis for the development of ballet technology. Professional ballerinas came into being and gradually replaced aristocratic amateurs. Professional ballerinas also began to perform on stage, and dance techniques developed rapidly. Ballet performance has gradually changed from a social activity of self-entertainment to a theatrical performance art. Ballet in this period was subordinate to opera, and it was actually a series of dance performances that the court composer J.B. Lurui added to the opera, but the plot seemed irrelevant. It's called ballet or ballet opera at this time. This situation continued until the middle of18th century. Novel,/kloc-a ballet master in the 0/8th century, is the most influential dance innovator in the history of ballet. He put forward the idea of "plot ballet" for the first time in "Letters of Dance and Dance Drama" published by 1760, emphasizing that dance is not only a physical skill, but also a tool for drama expression and ideological exchange. Novel theory has promoted the innovation wave of ballet. With the continuous efforts of him and many other actors and directors, ballet has carried out a series of reforms in content, theme, music, dance techniques and clothing. These reforms finally separated ballet from opera and formed an independent drama art.
In the history of ballet development, there are two main aesthetic views that have been at work. One view is that ballet is a kind of "pure dance", and B.de Beaujoyeulx, an Italian dance teacher in the16th century and director of the Queen's comedy "Ballet", thinks that ballet is a "geometric combination of several people dancing together". This view focuses entirely on the formal beauty of ballet, almost completely ignoring the content or plot of ballet, which often leads to the simple pursuit of superb and gorgeous skills. /kloc-before the middle of the 0/8th century, this view was dominant in ballet creation. Another view emphasizes that ballet is a kind of "dramatic dance", and the theory of "plot ballet" in the novel represents this view most intensively. He believes that in a ballet work, dance should show dramatic content, "the plot and dance design should be unified, and the story with clear logic and easy understanding should be the central theme, and solo dance and dance fragments unrelated to the plot should be cancelled." In the dance drama, "not only the dancing skills are dazzling, but also the audience is moved by dramatic performances". The above two main points are still valid today. Many directors devote themselves to creating dramatic or melodramatic ballet works, while some directors are keen on ballet without melodrama and pay attention to formal beauty. The excellent plays in the two works are appreciated by the audience and often staged as reserved plays. Since the 20th century, the influence of various literary thoughts on ballet creation has become more and more obvious, and many works with different styles have appeared.
Choreography is a key figure in creating a ballet work. He conceived a ballet structure or a dance structure according to a literary script (or a story, a poem or a musical work), and then the actors reflected it. Choreographers and actors must master ballet language (or ballet vocabulary)-ballet technical skills, and the ability to express specific content or emotions in ballet language. The director should know what he is good at and what he can't express; On the other hand, actors should be well-trained, able to adapt and creatively reflect the ideas of choreographers. Only with these basic conditions can ballet creation be carried out and completed. The structural forms of ballet are: solo dance, duet, threesome dance, foursome dance, group dance and so on. Classical dance, personality dance (stage folk dance, folk dance), modern dance, etc. According to the above forms, the structure of multi-act ballet (on and off, such as Swan Lake), single-act ballet (such as Fairy) and ballet sketch (such as ballet) developed to a high degree of standardization and stylization in the late19th century, which affected and restricted the development of ballet. In a large number of ballet works created by directors in the 20th century, these norms and procedures have been greatly broken, and new explorations and creations are constantly emerging.