You should be familiar with judo. When martial arts films in Hong Kong were rare, Japanese martial arts film Zi San Si Lang once let us witness this wonderful skill.

Judo evolved from Japanese jujitsu. There are two theories about the emergence of Jiu Jitsu. First, during the period of Emperor Akihito, there was a famous battle between two masters, Naomi Sumia and Dangma Chusu. Their wrestling skills were inherited and developed into sumo by later generations, and their fighting methods evolved into jujitsu; Another way of saying it is: Jiu Jitsu originated from Shaolin Wushu, which is a general term for unarmed softness, harmony, body, joint, feet and boxing. At the end of Ming Dynasty, Chen Yuanbin traveled to Japan. According to the first regulation of the International Judo Federation, the founder of Judo is Yana Jgoroh. She learned from others' strengths, established a new jujitsu system focusing on throwing skills, solid skills and skills, and opened "Kodokan" on 1882. Judo was really founded from then on.

The primary feature of judo is softness (more like Wu Tangzong), which pays attention to the comprehensive improvement of technology, strength and physical quality. It focuses on mobilizing all strength, physical strength and intelligence to subdue opponents in a reasonable and effective way. Mostly close combat, very practical. As Jana Jgoroh was sickly since she was a child, the female characteristics of retreating for progress, defending for attack and defending for attack are more prominent in judo, so it is possible to win big with small. Jana Jgoroh once said that "Judo is the most effective way to use physical strength and mental power", and he thought that Judo is the dual cultivation of skill and mind. Only by cultivating the mind can we understand what "making good use of energy" means.

Comments: One softness and one rigidity, Judo and Taekwondo can be complementary projects. Appreciation is not very strong, but it is very practical. From beginning to end, it is a contest between control and anti-control, which is easy to learn. In addition, apart from the initial basic training, the training process is not boring. You can see how Nicholas Tse practiced it in the TV series The Spark of Youth Love.

Karate: the unity of body and mind

As we all know, the original name of karate is "Tangshou", which originated in China. But it has already gone beyond the category of yellow leather, and karate can be seen in action films of various periods. Jean-claude van damme, Rolex, etc. are among them, and the armies of many countries also list it as one of the fighting training subjects.

Karate first means "unarmed". In the19th century, people in Okinawa, Japan could not carry weapons, so they fought against the rulers at this time. The comprehensive attack of kicking, hitting, falling and falling in karate makes it possible to "control the big with the small". In 199 1, a "little guy" with a height of only 1.68 meters defeated an opponent with a height of over 1.9 meters and a weight of nearly 200 kilograms and won the world championship.

There are many schools of karate. By the 20th century, middle schools were gradually divided into traditional and modern schools. Among them, the representative figure of modern karate, Dashan Peida, founded "extreme karate", also known as "fighting karate", with fighting as the ultimate goal without wearing any protective gear. This fighting system is quite comprehensive, including: boxing, hand knife, leg, elbow, knee, wrestling and joint training; Strength, endurance, reaction, flexibility and other quality training; There are also breathing training, internal force training and psychological training. Karate pays attention to "integration of body and mind", that is, body and mind are strong at the same time. It is said that a karate master with a black belt can hit 700 kilograms with his fist and 750 ~ 800 kilograms with his feet. This Dashan Peida once fought with the black belt master of 100 for 200 minutes and didn't fall down. It was really terrible. By contrast, if he chopped 43 healthy cows with his bare hands, it seems nothing.

Comments: It is also a very practical project. It is said that after half a year's training, men can smash five boards with a thickness of 1 cm, and women can also smash four boards with a hand knife. Karate pays attention to "self-denial" in life and cultivates self-confidence and perseverance. It is said that practitioners will live longer.

Karate is a kind of dynamic Zen that skillfully uses fists and feet to explore the principle of victory and defeat, and then achieves transcendence of victory and defeat. It is also a way to hone one's spirit, physique and skills and explore truth, goodness and beauty. Through persistent exercise and strict and hard competition, we can master advanced physical protection skills, cultivate strong physique and sound spirit, and practice hard with confidence and courage, thus making positive contributions to justice, peace and development of human society. This is the explanation of karate by Japanese karate experts.

Karate contains the value of fighting, fitness and personality cultivation. The original motivation of karate practitioners may be different, but karate itself is a technical system of unarmed combat, and fitness and personality cultivation are all completed by honing this technical system. In this case, is it suspected of grandstanding to prefix karate with the word "Da"? Don't! Compared with traditional karate, which takes the pattern (routine) as the main body of practice and opposes "stopping one inch first" (that is, stopping one inch before hitting the opponent), this book introduces readers to another technical system of karate.

Fighting karate absorbs the simple hitting and defending techniques in traditional karate, and forms a training system around simple and effective technical application, without practicing routines or mastering fighting techniques. In the confrontation competition, the outstanding feature of fighting karate is the direct hit system. There are direct hits with protective gear and direct hits without protective gear. Kicking is the main technique, and some schools can also use fast wrestling. It is very similar to the domestic Sanda competition now. But you can hit the elbow, the top of the knee, and hit the effect hard. Compared with our country, if you play your opponent clearly in Sanshou, you will get points. They have to knock each other to the ground or lose their defensive consciousness to be "effective".

The development of fighting karate once again shows the excellent wisdom of the Japanese nation, which is good at learning from each other's strengths. On the basis of maintaining the traditional karate etiquette, spirit and basic skills, they absorbed various advantages of unarmed boxing. They fought side by side with Muay Thai players and sent outstanding players to Thailand for training; They absorbed the characteristics of boxing training system and reformed the traditional training methods. They communicate with Korean Taekwondo and learn useful nutrients. They promote karate in Europe and America and absorb the fresh blood of those free and unrestrained national boxing; Some traditional techniques of China, such as lying on the ground to amputate legs, scratching the back and hitting the chest, also appeared repeatedly in their competitions. They attach importance to absorbing modern sports training methods and developing athletes' physical quality in an all-round way. This kind of karate instruction has been described by some competitions in Japanese martial arts as "inferior goods with no tradition and no thoughts and wearing karate clothes", but many Japanese youths believe that in order to learn self-defense fighting, they must learn "fighting karate".

In Japan, fighting karate is also called "actual combat karate", "fighting karate", "extreme karate" and "hard karate".

The Origin and Development of Judo

Judo was born in Japan and is deeply loved by the Japanese people. It is widely spread in Japan, so Japan is called "Judo Country". Judo is a unique subject in Japanese Wushu, which evolved from jujitsu. It has a long history, from the Warring States Period to the Tokugawa Period (15,16th century). Judo has always been called jujitsu or body art, and the term judo used now is simplified from "Judo introduced to Kodokan from Japan".

Judo has a very old history, and it is very complicated to understand its origin. Among the works of various schools of judo. There are all kinds of theories. According to one legend, during the reign of Emperor Chuiren (acceded to the throne in 29 BC), there was a famous battle between Naomi Su Mi and Dangma Chusu. Their battle is a combination of fighting and wrestling. Since then, some people have absorbed wrestling techniques and developed into the present sumo sport; Others sum up fighting experience in fighting, develop it into jujitsu, and then evolve into judo. Another way of saying it is: Jiu Jitsu originated from the boxing in China in the Tang Dynasty, and it is the general name of the unarmed forms such as softness, harmony, body, receiving, feet and boxing, and the competitive events such as hitting, kicking, throwing and taking. In the late Ming Dynasty, Chen Yuanbin, who studied martial arts in Shaolin Temple, went to Japan in the first half of the17th century and taught China martial arts in Zhengguo Temple in the south of Edo, which led to the extensive development of Jiu Jitsu in Japan. Since then, there have been more and more schools of Jiu Jitsu. According to records, the earliest school was Takeuchi School, which was founded in June of the first year of astronomy (1532). Then, at the end of Chen Feng (about 1590), the Araki School appeared. After the Tokugawa Guang Jia era (1623), there appeared the dream school, the rigid-flexible school, the Jitong school, the straightforward school, the fickle school, the God-in-heaven school, the ups and downs school and the Sichuan school.

The establishment of judo

In the tenth year of Meiji (1877 Feng), Jana, a student at Imperial University of Tokyo (now Tokyo University), was eighteen years old. Proceeding from the desire to stay healthy, he decided to learn Jiu Jitsu. At first, I went to school with the help of Yasuo Fukuda of Jinshen Zhenyang School, then I studied in Fan Zhengzhi School of the same school, and then I studied in the lifting school after a long meal. After several years of hard work, this industry has reached a high level. He made an in-depth study of the schools of God, Truth and Yang and other schools, regardless of other people's opinions and learned from others. After sorting out and reforming, he perfected the theory and technology of Jiu Jitsu skills, formulated a set of systematic training methods, canceled dangerous movements, and established a new Jiu Jitsu system, including throwing technology, fixing technology and playing technology, thus making the traditional Jiu Jitsu look brand-new and creating its reform into modern judo. From then on, the scientific discussion of judo becoming an educational movement began; Make judo take a new step in cultivating noble will quality. Out of admiration for judo and love for their own national culture, the Japanese people greatly admire Mr. Jana Jgoroh and call him "the father of judo". The Kingdom of Ghana is not only the founder and advocate of modern judo, but also a famous Japanese educator and a great man who has an important influence on international sports.

In February of Meiji 15 (1882), Mr. Jana Jgoroh moved to Yongchang Temple in Shimonoseki-do and took the college as the Dojo (training ground) to teach students, and began training activities centered on judo. This Yongchang Temple has also become a pioneering place for "Japanese to spread judo in Kodokan". There were only nine students who came to study in the first year, and then it increased year by year, and Kodokan's influence was growing. Because judo absorbs and synthesizes the inherent advantages of various jujitsu. Competition is also standardized, so it is not only an effective self-defense skill, but also a fascinating sport; It can not only strengthen people's physique, but also help to temper their spirit, improve their alertness and adaptability, and enhance their self-confidence and willpower.

Judo has a very broad mass base in Japan. At present, Japan holds various competitions around the National Judo Competition Conference every year. For example, middle school students in various regions (equivalent to junior high school students in China) have judo competitions. National college competitions (equivalent to high school students in China), all-day college students' prize-winning competitions, and various forms of competitions. Judo is not only an entertainment sport in Japan, but also a teaching project of school physical education. This gives the Japanese people the opportunity to receive systematic training from an early age, laying a solid foundation for improving judo skills. Therefore, Japan, which enjoys the reputation of "judo country", has won more than half of the gold medals and team championships in previous Olympic Games and world competitions almost every time.

To put it simply, Taekwondo is a martial art that fights with opponents with bare hands and protects oneself without any weapons. To be more specific, Taekwondo is a method and technique to exercise hands, feet and various parts of the body through intense mental and physical training for self-defense. Taekwondo not only pays attention to strength and skills, but also emphasizes strict discipline, superb skills and strong spiritual education to cultivate a unique martial art with a sense of justice, fortitude and courage. Therefore, real Taekwondo people are essentially different from those specious Taekwondo people. They only learn the extremely limited skills used in fighting and are satisfied with pleasing the audience in the competition field. It can be said that this is one of the reasons why Taekwondo is called the art of body protection. Taekwondo not only teaches people the way of thinking and living, but also cultivates people's restraint and lofty personality. So many people say that it is almost a martial art of faith. Literally, Taekwondo means: Taekwondo, which means kicking and stepping with your feet. Boxing means stabbing or breaking with the fist.

This means that ancient sages paved the way for progress, that is, spiritual cultivation. In a word, protect yourself with your bare hands. It is true that Taekwondo applies jumping, kicking, stabbing, blocking, hiding and other actions to the target in time and locally, and gives it the skills and spiritual cultivation of martial arts to make the weak people have the strength and confidence to defeat powerful enemies after scientific training. But if used improperly, it is tantamount to using a murder weapon. Therefore, we must always emphasize spiritual education and not abuse it.

If you rush out of this misunderstanding and boldly attack or fight back, you will realize that your opponent is not as terrible as you think.

The word karate has been widely understood and used in western countries for more than ten years. No matter what people's concept of karate is, in fact, karate has become an indispensable part of western European and American life. According to the development speed in recent years, it can be asserted that karate will completely become an important part of western cultural life, and the essence will be accepted by westerners like other martial arts.

In a word, karate is not only an art and method for disciples to play by hand, but also a sport. Although many legendary stories about karate masters will be denied because they can't be verified, even so, the unique effects of karate will be proved through the guidance and training of karate masters, especially the fact that some masters from Japan and South Korea even smashed boards, stones, bricks and tiles with their bare hands, which has been widely accepted by the factory. However, a board and a pile of bricks are very different from a strong opponent with weapons.

There are many schools and routines in karate. It is estimated that there are 40 different routines originated from Japan and South Korea in the United States alone, and the basic themes of other genres are the same except for some tiny factions in Japanese karate colleges.

Like other martial arts, most karate colleges have extremely strict discipline, which limits the number of students who reach a higher level. Extremely strict intimidation training soon made lazy and unwilling novices quit the training. Because they don't like the competition at all, before they enter the karate world, training is likely to make their fantasies disappear.

Karate organically combines the basic principles of kinematics with the complexity of psychology, making it a formidable weapon and recognized by experts from various sects. Being strong is the inevitable result of strict training. The excellent performance of experts is not the result of people's understanding that they are naturally strong, but the result of their respect for scientific facts and correct application.

First, the psychological requirements of karate

It is said that karate and Zen have many similarities, so some basic requirements have aroused great concern in the western world, but they are actually just empty words.

The basic psychological requirements of karate are concentration, calmness and self-confidence. However, whether you can be straightforward and confident depends on your proficiency in the application of the first two. A karate master should try his best to fully understand his opponent's reaction and at the same time improvise. He must not think that his opponent will make a fixed response according to his own mode of thinking.

Meditation is a practical way to practice after training every day. This method requires: close your eyes slightly, sit on your heels, and eliminate all distractions. Higher requirements are the key to judge whether a student is successful or not, that is, willpower-the ability of self-control. On the contrary, it is upset mood, inattention and paranoia, which are the enemies of karate.

Training must help students constantly improve their willpower and keep them calm and comfortable when they encounter accidents.

Second, the characteristics and requirements of karate technology.

Karate has three basic sports characteristics, which are closely related and sometimes separated.

It is said that karate technology is to concentrate on specific parts at the right time.

(a) Speed of attack, which is crucial.

(b) Coordinated movements of limbs and body muscles.

(c) Energy generated by blocking motion.

These will be discussed in detail when talking about martial arts skills. According to karate, the strength of the attack depends on this effectiveness, that is, the strength of the attack plus the speed of the attack. The principle of kinematics tells us:

Explosive power = strength * speed.

Students who study hard should think more carefully about these three most important characteristics and other sports principles.

(1) speed

Speed is the time needed to attack. It must be remembered that the impact strength is inversely proportional to the time spent. Muscle strength alone can't reach the ideal level of karate. Only the effective use of this power is the gateway to the ideal, and speed is the most critical factor to determine the effectiveness of this power.

(2) Physical exercise

The most basic requirement is to instantly mobilize and use developed and sluggish whole body muscles and relatively flexible limbs. Use the coordinated movement of the body to transfer this power to the predetermined goal. Obviously, persistent practical training will shorten the time needed to transmit this power.

(3) cohesion

It is not enough to rely on the strength of legs or arms alone. In order to obtain maximum strength, all parts of the whole body must be used in coordination. So somehow concentrate all the forces available to the whole body. This is cohesion. The attack parts can only be hands, elbows, knees, feet and heads. In order to achieve this cohesion, muscles should be healthy and relaxed under normal circumstances so as to respond when necessary.

(4) acting force and reaction force

Kinematics tells us that every action has an equal and opposite reaction. There are many such examples in karate skills. The uninvolved arm swings backward, the front leg bounces straight up, and the rear leg reacts to the ground.

In addition, scholars must understand a truth, that is, seize opportunities. This is extremely important. If we can't grasp the timing of the attack, whether it is peaceful or too late, it will make the attack meaningless. This is a very simple truth and should be paid enough attention to.

Third, the main idea of karate-spiritual cultivation

Karate is not only a kind of self-defense, its concept is far more profound than physical training. If physical training is only the beginning of karate, then the cultivation of mood requires great efforts.

The method of karate only tells us how to do karate, but it should be pointed out that one should not be limited to mastering skills such as kicking and hitting. The main purpose of karate practice should be to make scholars reach a level of self-control through training, so as to obtain a more perfect character. A karate person with high achievements can save the day, while a person with poor achievements needs the help of the external strength of karate.

Therefore, many Europeans and Americans learn karate at all costs in order to achieve an excellent coordinated development of mind and body, and at the same time save westerners from the increasingly decadent culture. But even so, karate is no match for guns, because it is a rather primitive hand-to-hand combat technique after all.

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