Although this plot has not been listed in the "Heritage Protection List" of the city, province, country and even the world, we can know that it is a rare "Geomantic Treasure Land", and as long as it is well protected, it will definitely become a veritable "Heritage Site". As far as I know, Xixi Wetland has a typical branch culture in the southeast of the geographical "Aihui-Tengchong Line"; There is a so-called "Taiyi raw water" in archaeology, which is a water-worshipping culture in which dampness and dryness complement each other. It has a very early folk origin and belongs to the unique inheritance of dragon boat culture in the Dragon Boat Festival. There is an original ecological aquatic culture that is difficult to find biologically, which is quite distinctive; There is also a celebrity culture that has been pouring in since ancient times, and so on.
The following is a brief explanation, which shows the importance and necessity of its protection.
First, the branch culture
Xixi wetland is located in the geological structure unit of Qiantang sag in northwest Zhejiang, and is the northwest wing of West Lake syncline. In the transition zone between mountain and plain, a large number of flash flood fans and alluvial skirts appear, and gradually transition to quasi-plain water network zone. The strata exposed in Xixi Wetland are mostly Holocene strata, and the lithology, lithofacies and paleontological characteristics of Quaternary sediments reflect its paleoclimate and paleogeographic environment in the late Quaternary.
Xixi wetland belongs to Tiaoxi lake marsh landform and rushes to the lake plain water network. Villages, mulberry fields, etc. It is 1- 1.5m higher than the original ground, and the ground elevation is 2-5.5m. Most of the ground is loam with peat distributed locally. The existing water area of the wetland is about 4 million square meters.
Such geographical conditions and ecological environment are quite rare, unique and typical geological and geomorphological features in Hangjiahu area and even in the southeast of the "Aihui-Tengchong Line" in the Yangtze River Delta region. Geographer Hu Huanyong 1985 answered a reporter's question from Wen Wei Po on March 22nd, and put forward a new concept of "Aihui-Tengchong Line" from the perspective of demography. He said: the northwest and southeast of this line are obviously different in land and population distribution, and the southeast is sparsely populated. One of the important reasons is that there are many shallow wetlands suitable for living and farming in the southeast.
Xixi wetland has excellent water environment. There is the famous Xixi River here. It consists of Xixi River, Yanjia Port, Jiangcun Port, Zijin Port, Gujiaqiao Port and Wuchang Port. Xixi River starts from Hualong Bridge in Wuchang and ends at Zhoujiamen in Jiangcun, with a total length of 1 1.47 km and a width of 1 1 m, and is not navigable. Yanjiagang starts from Gao Qiao, south of Jiangcun, and ends at Qianjin Ocean, with a total length of 2.2km, a width of15m and a water depth of 2m. Agricultural vessels are accessible, with an area of 3.3 square kilometers and a storage capacity of 52,800 cubic meters. Jiangcun Port starts from Hejiahetou in Jiangcun and ends at Tanghe in Yuhang, with a total length of 3.75 kilometers, a width of 20 meters and a water depth of 2.3 meters. Agricultural boats are accessible, with an area of 7.5 square kilometers and a storage capacity of 1 1.29 million cubic meters. Zijin Port starts from Xixi and ends at Yuhang Tanghe River, with a total length of 3.40 kilometers, a width of 20 meters, a water depth of 2.0 meters, an area of 6.8 square kilometers and a storage capacity of 1 1.56 million cubic meters. Gujiaqiao Port starts from Wuchang Bailang and ends at Wuchang Tianzhu Bridge, with a total length of 1.8km, a width of 15m and a water depth of 2.5m It is accessible to agricultural vessels, with an area of 2.7km2 and a storage capacity of 50,600 cubic meters. Wuchang Port starts from Liu Liu Town and ends at Yuhang Tanghe River, with a total length of 5.95 kilometers, a width of 25 meters and a water depth of 2.5 meters. Accessible agricultural vessels, with an area of 14.9 square kilometers and a storage capacity of 310.59 million cubic meters.
In such a special land where the river branches crisscross by boat, it is full of natural scenery of pastoral landscapes, fish-rocked mulberry fields, bamboo hedgerows and reeds, as well as the humanistic charm of calm, comfortable, harmonious and warm, freehand brushwork ceramics, elegance and simplicity. This unique and unparalleled natural and cultural heritage, once destroyed, will never be restored and suffer heavy losses.
My name is Xixi Wetland, an ancient relic, a branch culture of Jiangnan water town. There are many typical things and events. In ancient times, some poets wrote many poems about water country, water town, water village, water lane, waterfront building, water pavilion, water gate, water market, bridge market, fish market and so on. To reflect the Jiangnan characteristics of people with small bridges and flowing water, and the list is endless. The original Teduo River Pier before and after the fall of Jiangcun village is a unique folk landscape. I have been to Jiangcun Township many times and know that river ports are also called water piers, water bridges and river bridges. River bridges are divided into Jiaoling River Bridge, Muyu River Bridge and Jiji River Bridge. The original Jiangcun river port was generally of stone structure. Stone materials include bluestone and Jinshan stone. From the attribution, there are public, private and semi-public; From the style, there are three kinds: dripping, double drowning, single drowning and hanging; From the combination point of view, there are two kinds, the concave inverted "eight" and then the convex positive "eight" The earliest times were the Southern Song Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty, and most of them were the Ming Dynasty and later.
Nowadays, the river course is reformed, the river course is cut and piled up, the river port is demolished, the water quality is getting worse, the river fish are hard to live, and the aquatic plants are not long, which is regrettable!
Second, the culture of worshipping water.
Xixi Wetland originally belonged to Jiangcun Township, Yuhang County, not far from Liangzhu Town, the birthplace of Liangzhu culture in Yuhang District, and belongs to Liangzhu cultural relics. Archaeologists say that Liangzhu clan has entered ancient times, about 5300-4300 years ago, and Liangzhu culture is "a shining cultural entity". Maqiao culture, which roughly coincides with it, is the bronze age culture in Taihu Lake basin and Hangzhou Bay basin, and is considered as "pre-Vietnamese culture".
According to the records of Yuhang County, cultural relics such as black pottery, jade, silk and bamboo products have also been found in Jiangcun Township, mainly "funerary objects" in tombs. From the analysis of the results of studying the underground cultural relics and folk cultural relics of Liangzhu culture, the clan ancestors in this area not only knew the exterior, the virtual reality, the cold and heat, but also knew the dryness and dampness, which mainly came from the viewpoint of Yin and Yang. This is enough to prove that the ancestors in this area were developed in natural philosophy and natural science, and they really deserve to be called "the dawn of human civilization".
Today, there are new archaeological discoveries, which prove that the ancient concept of "dryness and dampness" originated very early but was ignored by later generations. Xixi, as the first national wetland protection list, should be studied, inherited and developed. It turns out that as early as 1993 10, bamboo slips with characters were unearthed from the Chu tomb in Guodian, Jingmen City, Hubei Province, and one of them was named "Taiyi Shengshui" in the first four words. Scholars believe that this is a wonderful philosophical work that has never been published, and it is a creation on the complete system of cosmogenesis. It has the "metaphysical" world view of Taiyi and the "metaphysical" world view of natural things, which are connected from top to bottom and coexist harmoniously. The brief text is as follows (excerpt):
"Big life water, water against the auxiliary freshman, is all day. It's a good idea that there is a difference between heaven and freshman year. Heaven and earth are also gods. The gods complement each other, so they become yin and yang. Yin and Yang complement each other and are based on the four seasons. The four seasons complement each other, so it's getting hot. Pale-heat complement each other, so it becomes dry and wet. Dry and wet bring out the best in each other and stop when you get old. Therefore, age is also born of dryness and wetness. People who take a wet bath are born with surging heat. Hot people are born at four o'clock. The four seasons are also yin and yang. Yin and Yang are born in God. God was born in heaven and earth. People in heaven and earth were born in freshman year. Therefore, a freshman hiding in the water and walking in time is the mother of all things. One is less than one, and you think of yourself as everything. The sky can't be killed, the earth can't be controlled, and yin and harmony can't be done. ..... (See Sixin Ding: Study on Bamboo Slips of Chu Tomb in Guodian, Oriental Publishing House, 1st edition, 2000, 10, p. 88).
After reading this essay, we know that "Taiyi is the mother of all things" and "Taiyi is hidden in water and born in water", which shows that water is the "lifeline" that human beings can't live without for a moment. After reading this essay, we naturally know that wetlands are one of the few places in our human life, and they are also precious "land of geomantic omen". We can only "protect", "study" and "use" it, and we can't do anything against it. From this, we also know that governments at all levels, as the location of wetlands, should organize forces to study the relationship between wetlands and human life, human survival and life value.
Some people may say that this is a bamboo slip unearthed from the Chu Tomb in the Warring States Period, which has little to do with the Yue people and their descendants. In fact, some studies show that the relationship between Wuyue culture and Jingchu culture is quite close, and there have been many blends and confluence in history. Therefore, the concept and culture of water worship, including water worship customs, are still very popular in our Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. Just give an example to understand this.
Since ancient times, people in the south of the Yangtze River have always worshipped water. According to "dead body, monarch governs", the ancients thought that "water has four virtues". Yue: "Bathe in the crowd, flow in all things, and be kind to others;" Yang Qing is violent and turbid, waving away my filth and righteousness; Soft and difficult to commit, weak and able to win, brave; Guide it to the river, dredge it to the river, evil to the flow, and wisdom. " Confucius said, "If you are a monarch, there are still bowls and people still have water. Yu Fang Shui Fang, Yu Shui Yuan Yuan. " Therefore, in the Spring and Autumn Period, the throne of the monarch was equipped with a "scooter".
Due to the influence of ancient water-worshipping culture, there are still traces of this custom in Hangjiahu area. That is to say, in today's "ancient windbreak country" between Feng and Yu in Deqing City, there is a "windbreak temple" built in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties to commemorate the heroes of water control, and there is a well under it. The local people in this area never offer sacrifices to Dayu, but always to Fang Feng. It is said that this is because Fang Feng helped Dayu to control the water, and Yu was killed in vain because he was "late" to show Yu's authority and "showed that the whole world knew that he belonged to Yu". Although Wuchang Township has the ruins of Wang Yu Temple, the folk custom in Yuhang usually goes to the "Fangfeng Temple" in the second capital of Deqing and the "Fangfeng Temple" in Li 'ande Township of Yuhang County to worship God. This kind of folk belief and sacrificial custom is also quite interesting and special and should be protected.
Third, dragon boat culture.
The original folk activity of dragon boat race in Jiangcun Township where Xixi Wetland is located is called "Dragon Boat Race". When did it start? There is no clear written record and no textual research. In the sixth year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (AD 200), Yuhang County Records (Volume 37) and Customs recorded: "Dragon Boat Festival, making dragon boats up and down Nanqu and Taixi is a water show". Legend has it that the dragon boat race in Jiangcun started in the late Ming Dynasty and lasted for more than 300 years. Banned during the Cultural Revolution, 1979 resumed.
Jiangcun Shentankou, where four rivers meet, has a water depth of 5-6 meters, a widest point of 30 meters and a water area of about 200 mu. Dragon Boat Festival, the fifth day of May, is the climax of the Dragon Boat Festival in Jiangcun. Dragon boats in all villages are concentrated at Shentankou, and it is the peak of the day from noon 1 1 to 2 pm. The altar port is crowded with people, and the drums are deafening. 1 1 at noon, after a burst of gongs and drums, almost at the same time, the dragon boats in the villages suddenly jumped out of the river ports in all directions like arrows and gathered at Shentankou. Many dragon boats are bustling and rowing around in small waters, which is really thrilling and lively.
Generally, there are ten paddlers on the dragon boat, which are divided into five gears: the first gear and the second gear control the direction and protect the faucet; The third gear is waterproof and flooded to protect the cabin; Try to rank in the fourth gear to ensure speed; Fifth grade athletic performance. In addition to the ten paddlers, there is also a person standing on the tip of the dragon boat, called the tip presser, commonly known as the dragon head. The acupressure man is a man with strong physique and great strength. His task is to keep the stern of the dragon boat down so as not to be top-heavy, so as to avoid the danger of sinking the boat due to broken oars. Dragon boats don't value speed. It seems to be playing at will, but in fact it is a deliberate and wonderful performance. Although there is no specific referee to judge which is better or worse, everyone has a steelyard in his heart: one is neat and powerful than the paddle; The second is whether the posture of stepping on the tip is beautiful, and whether the action of stepping on the tip and paddling is coordinated; Third, the faucet is tilted high and the water is thrown high; Fourth, Bilongkou produces a lot of water, and so on. When two ships are side by side, they are also faster. Therefore, Jiangcun Dragon Boat Race is a skill competition for rowing dragon boats. Jiangcun Dragon Boat Race can be said to be a dragon boat race. (See Fan Peiling's Folk Investigation on the Dragon Boat Festival Victory in Jiangcun Township, the tenth series of Oriental Natural History, Zhejiang University Press, September 2002)
There are four kinds of dragon boats: one is bare-chested dragon boat, that is, ordinary agricultural boat without decoration; Second, the sky is full, with dragons as the main color boat; The third is a half-day tour, which is slightly simpler than the decoration of the sky; The fourth kind is the Aconitum Dragon Boat, that is, the dragon head is wrapped in black cloth and burned when it wins, which is called "Let the dragon go to heaven" and "Zhai Wang Long". On the colorful ships all over the sky, besides the bow, that is, the faucet, the stern is a yellow centipede hanging from the mast? Why does this centipede become the decoration of dragon boat? I asked all the local villagers, and almost no one could tell except the old people. According to my research, it is confirmed that centipede is a dragon-killing thing, so the dragon boat must be decorated with centipede.
Centipede, an archaea or maggot, was first mentioned in Zhuangzi? On the theory of everything, the so-called "insects are fragrant with maggots, and crows are flies." Gan is a verb, Dai is a small snake, saying that centipedes eat small snakes. In the Han, Wei and Jin Dynasties, the legend that centipedes could be snakes became more and more magical. Huainanzi? Xun Lin said: "Teng snake is a kind of snake. It is said that a flying animal close to a dragon can drop anything, but it is subdued by a small centipede."
In the works of Ge Hong, a native of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the description that centipedes can be snakes is very specific. He's hugging Puzi? The article "Climb in" says: When people enter the forest, they often put live centipedes on bamboo tubes. When there is a snake, the centipede must jump in the pipe, so it can be prevented in advance; For a snake more than a foot long, centipedes can also be banned by spells and executed; If a snake sees a centipede at the water's edge, it will flee to the depths of mountains and valleys and hide. As long as the centipede casts a spell on the water, it can see something green and belt-sized. It will go down to the hiding place of the underwater snake, and soon the snake will float up and die. Because centipedes can kill snakes, westerners often grind centipedes to treat snake bites, which can achieve miraculous results.
The dragon boat won the race. In the local dialect, it is called "Dragon Boat Involved in the Ocean", which means that the dragon boat visits each family and performs in the pond in front of each family. Since April 20th, dragon boats have waded into the sea one after another, with the peak on May 5th. Dragon boats in all towns and villages gather at Shitangjiao and Shentankou in Jiangcun for the competition. May 13, which is called Little Dragon Boat Festival locally. On this day, all villages in the township participated in the Dragon Boat Festival, and then the annual Dragon Boat Festival ended. The scale of the dragon boat race at Shitangjiao in Shentankou is the largest and the scene is the most enthusiastic, so "Shitangjiao involves the ocean" is synonymous with Jiangcun Dragon Boat Race.
Jiangcun Dragon Boat Race is a kind of entertainment and a kind of game. It is naturally produced in daily life. In Sandun Town, Yuhang, there are dense water networks and abundant water resources, and local residents take fishing as their main source of livelihood. Working on water is inseparable from sailing. In the process of dealing with water for a long time, and in the process of struggling with nature for survival, they have developed superb skills in water operation, and steering safely in stormy waves has become a survival skill. If several ships go hand in hand, we must strive for the upper reaches. In their spare time, they will hold water games. This rowing game is a race. Under the premise of the earliest existence of this race, businessmen who go out for business may bring back the custom of dragon boat racing during the Dragon Boat Festival. Perhaps one year the villagers rushed to the altar to watch the legendary dragon head fall from the sky or help fight, which gradually led to the dragon boat race and the altar mouth swimming in the ocean. Because the local waters are not open enough, we can't compete for speed like other places, so we can only compete for boat skills. In this way, we formed a unique deep pool dragon boat to swim in the ocean.
The above is the unique inheritance of Jiangcun Dragon Boat. In 2005, I wrote an article calling for its protection. Specific suggestions are as follows:
1. Organize a special team to conduct in-depth research on the Dragon Boat Festival in Jiangcun and the Dragon Boat Festival in the nearby canals, and find out the origin, characteristics, functions and influences of this folk phenomenon. The government will organize an authentic Dragon Boat Festival, and use modern communication means such as television and the Internet to convey the whole process and scene to the whole country and the whole world.
2. Take villages and communities as units, mobilize and arrange households to properly preserve all vessels, tools and decorations of "Dragon Boat Victory", especially all kinds of dragon boats, including dragon heads, dragon tails, flags, gongs and drums, etc. For artisans and artists who can do restoration, there should be certain preferential policies and goodwill measures, so that they can lead by example and bring out a new generation.
3. Select and compare all kinds of dragon boats in Jiangcun Dragon Boat Festival, such as "Full of Sky", "Half-day" and "Bare-chested Dragon Boat". The winners can be regarded as one of the sightseeing performances and given certain rewards.
4. Publicize and perform the "Dragon Boat Championship" in Jiangcun, and strive to list it as a sports competition, exercise and fitness project, and try our best to promote it.
5. The basic team of "Dragon Boat Race Winning" in Jiangcun, as well as the basic equipment, procedures and programs. You can perform in different waters of rivers, lakes, seas and streams, and strive to go out of Hangzhou, to the whole country and to the world.
6. The boat and cable stones of villages and ports along the river in Jiangcun Wetland should also be protected. The cable boat stone is called "boat buckle", "elephant trunk eye", "boat nose" or "ox nose". Some scholars have inspected more than 50 towns and villages in the south of the Yangtze River, and divided them into: (1) vertical bolt type is commonly used in river ports; The suspended river port only drills a few holes on the step stone; Generally, a single river port is embedded with 3 blocks (river port 1 block, and both sides of bank protection 1 block); 4 blocks of Shuangluo River Port (2 blocks of its own and 2 revetments 1 block). Modeling: the stone pillars are vertically inserted on the stone revetment, which are divided into two types: round and square, and some are decorated with algae and finely carved; Ear type can be divided into vertical type and horizontal type inserted on the side of bank protection. Cave-type cable ship stones are the most complicated: they can be set everywhere in position, and there are three forms: vertical, horizontal and S-shaped; Mainly in relief, but also in combination with flat carving and concave carving; From simple and practical to adding artistic patterns, from simple patterns to the combination of two or more patterns. Cave-shaped cable car stones are mostly art, and according to rough statistics, there are more than 50 kinds.
Most of these boat and cable stones can be found in Jiangcun water town, which is rich and colorful and can be called water town scenery. Unfortunately, there are not many left now!
Fourthly, aquatic culture.
Xixi wetland, especially Wuchang River and Chaotian Mogang River, still retains many typical original ecological wetland ecosystems. There are river willows and three-hearted willows on the shore. Especially the three-heart willow can be immersed in water for a long time.
What is particularly striking is that there are many aquatic plant communities in the wetland, such as emergent plant communities, mainly POTAMOGETON crispus and reed, but the remaining number is not much. Acorus calamus community is an essential aquatic plant in Hangzhou and its suburbs to ward off evil spirits during the Dragon Boat Festival, which is rich in resources. The submerged community of Sophora alopecuroides is relatively complete, and it is mixed with sedge, Ceratophyllum demersum and POTAMOGETON acuminatum. In addition, there are rare hyGrophli Poisperm communities, as well as other exotic species, such as the weed community.
Xixi water area and its west river are rich in aquatic plant communities in Hangzhou. Especially reeds and flowers, are a must in Xixi. Located in Baidangtan, Xixi River, the vast waterfront is densely covered with reeds, and the flower season is white, like a Bai Causeway. Modern famous writer Yu Dafu visited Xixi many times on 1935. His travel book "Xixi Sunny Rain" describes that he swam with his guests twice in a few days, and there are two lyrical and freehand words like this:
The girl rocking the boat is always a landscape of Xixi; One paddles at the stern, the other paddles at the bow, stretching, and each paddle gives off a big, round and curved soft tune. When tourists come here, they will naturally think of leisure by the Slender West Lake, and it seems that Yuan Ning's spiritual sign won at the Yuexia Elderly Temple in Yiyuan Garden yesterday has been completely fulfilled. The language of signing the poem is the last three sentences of the chapter "In the Wind and Mulberry", which is called "I will be in Mulberry, I will enter the palace and send me to Qi."
After that, I went to Jiao Lu 'an, and I went to buy the building. Because it was in the rain, I didn't feel much interest in the end. But this day came back late. When chatting in the lakeside restaurant, Yuan Ning solemnly said, "Today's Xixi is three times better than yesterday's West Lake."
Before that, Yu Dafu and his friends had been to Xixi once to see the famous Xixi Lu Hua:
The day before yesterday was a holiday, the weather was warm and sunny, and I also saw the news that reeds were in full bloom in the newspaper. At sunset in the afternoon, Lao Long and his wife made an appointment to go to Xixi again. It was a little late when they arrived, so they only stayed in Qiuxue Temple for half a day. A setting sun is reflected on the reed flowers with high heads and shallow vermilion. The flowers have not opened, the leaves have not fallen, there is no autumn, and there is no snow. It's just mysterious, so powerful, so high, so muddy, and the hole penetrates our intestines. The old monk lost face, burned his face, made tea, brought wine, and finally took out paper and ink. Let's look at the North Peak in the shadow of the sun and the reeds beside buddhist nun. By the way, when will the flowers bloom completely white? With a slow Chu accent, the old monk smiled and said, "It's always in the middle of October in the lunar calendar; It would be better if there was a moon. " After that, I also made an exchange, asking us to play again then. He should prepare some exquisite snacks and chats as the finishing touch, but he must write today. Lao Long wrote 14 words, "One sword crosses six rivers, and thousands of households are haggard and cry three times." I also echoed and copied a pair of couplets I had never seen there: "Spring dreams sometimes come to my pillow."
From Yu Dafu's travel notes, we can know that Xixi reed flowers flourished in those days. If we don't protect and restore them today, we will lose the original aquatic culture of Xixi Wetland. At the same time, from the lines written by Yu Dafu, we can also appreciate the unique scenery and water town customs at that time.
Here, I would also like to mention Xixi's aquatic products and Xixi's persimmon forest, which are also two "bulk" of aquatic culture. As far as aquatic products are concerned, Xixi has herring, silver carp, Baotou fish, crucian carp, soft-shelled turtle and snakehead, accounting for almost two-fifths of Hangzhou's aquatic products. The cultivation and fishing of these aquatic products has its unique cultural connotation, which needs us to explore and sort out.
When it comes to persimmon trees in Xixi, most of them are distributed in the water network zone, and there are more than 4,000 of them over a hundred years old. They are the main producing areas of persimmons in Hangzhou, especially in Dong 'an, which are famous for their abundant output, high ornamental and economic value. It is characterized by persimmon square, seedless and sweet. On the eighth day of the eighth lunar month, people in Hangzhou usually use persimmon, pomegranate, old water chestnut, lotus root and cress as fruits and vegetables for the festival. As for the celebrity culture of Xixi, because it has already been discussed, it is omitted here.
I think it is natural for Xixi tourism to play a "protection card" to make people cherish and love the natural environment and maintain the original folk customs of this wetland. According to the current situation, in addition to the "protection card", we should also play the "rescue card" at the same time. Opportunity knocks but once. I hope that the relevant departments will carefully examine and plan again, and don't let this "geomantic treasure land" lose its "original ecology" and "authenticity" in the hands of our generation.