[Edit this paragraph] 1, musician Weber, Karl Maria von (1786- 1826), German composer, pianist, conductor and music critic [1]. His early opera works, such as The Girl in the Forest, Peter Schmohl and His Neighbor, silvana, etc., are all pregnant with romantic tendencies. ① Overview1786165438+10 was born in Odin, and 1826 died in London on June 5th. Born into a musical family, he studied composition under J. Haydn's younger brother, and wrote many works at the age of 14. 1803 composed music under g.j. fogler, 1804 served as breslau opera conductor. Later, he was forced to resign because the reform ideas were not understood. 1807 worked as the secretary of the Duke of Wü rttemberg in Stuttgart. 18 10, he resumed his musical activities. 1813 ~1816 led the work of Prague Opera House, 18 17 lived in Dresden and married a female singer. Before 1820, he also traveled, played and conducted in European countries. He has a pair of big hands and can easily play four harmonies within ten degrees. His playing style is cordial and skillful. Weber's early opera works, such as The Girl in the Forest, Peter Schmohl and His Neighbor, silvana, etc., are all pregnant with romantic tendencies. Among his 10 operas, Magic Bomb Shooter, the most representative one, pioneered a new way of opera creation with its unprecedented romantic temperament and national style. This paper makes a new attempt to Ou Li Ante created by 1823, which enriches the functions of duet and chorus in opera, changes vernacular into recitation, explores how to break through the closed division structure and further expands the application of orchestration and harmony. However, the theme of this opera can not get rid of the mystery of knight legend, and the music lacks individuality, which leads to the cold reception after the performance. His last opera, oberon, was composed in 1826 at the invitation of Covent Garden Opera House in England. It is a typical romantic legend and its overture is often played at concerts. Weber also created a lot of dramatic music, instrumental music and vocal music, among which concerto occupies a certain position. His Piano and Orchestral concertino is a new concerto with romantic characteristics. The first and second piano concertos and clarinet concertos are equally romantic by using peculiar orchestration techniques. His piano music Invitation to Dance has gorgeous techniques and orchestral effects. It has been arranged into orchestral music twice and is often played in concerts. Weber also wrote many music criticism articles, the most important of which is the autobiographical novel A Musician's Life. As the originator of romantic music, he made active efforts in creation, performance, command and social activities, and opened up a new road for romantic music art ② Life1786165438+10/8 Weber was born in Ottingen, Germany. My father is an amateur musician and the foreman of a town band and touring troupe. Mom used to be a singer. Weber was influenced by the environment since he was a child, which had a certain influence on his later career of opera creation. 1798, Weber studied theoretical composition under J. Haydn's younger brother M. Haydn. By the time he 1800, he had written a lot of works. He also wrote his earliest operas: The Girl in the Forest (1800) and Peter Schmohl and His Neighbors (1802). These operas are close to singing in style. Although immature, I have seen some characteristics of his opera creation. 1803 studied composition with G.J. fogler in Vienna. Fogler's love for folk songs inspired Weber's interest in folk songs. From 65438 to 0804, with the help of fogler, Webb got the position of opera conductor in breslau, but later he was forced to resign because his reform ideas in performing repertoire, band organization and command were not understood. 1807 worked as the secretary of Ludwig, Duke of Wü rttemberg, in Stuttgart. In addition to writing, he gave extracurricular classes to the Duke's children, mainly managing accounts and other affairs, and it was not until 18 10 that he devoted himself to music activities. During this period, he wrote his only two symphonies (1807) and the opera Silva (18 10). Before 1820, he traveled, played and conducted performances in many European countries. 1813 ~1816 once led the work of Prague Opera House, and once again carried out his reform ideas in the repertoire and command, but it was still opposed by conservative forces. As a pianist, Weber was as famous as other masters who were active on the stage at that time, such as J.N. hummel, I. Moses, F. Karl Boo Rein and C. Cherny. His playing style is cordial and full of skill. Because he has the advantage of a pair of big hands, he can play four harmonies within ten degrees without difficulty. His amazing jumps and octaves in concertino and other works were written to adapt to his playing skills. He also easily played his original Piano Sonata No.1 in C major, which was praised by his peers. Around the 1920s, German national consciousness was awakened. The humiliating Tilsit Peace Treaty and Napoleon's war of aggression aroused the patriotic feelings of the German people. Weber once wrote music for the poems in the patriotic poet T.K.' s collection of poems "Qin and Jian". 18 15 also wrote the chorus "Struggle and Victory", which caused great repercussions among the masses. 18 17 moved from breslau to Dresden and married the singer Caroline Brandt in the same year. Dresden 10 is the last period of Weber, and it is also the mature period of his creation. The famous piano music Invitation to Dance (18 19) and piano concertino (182 1) were both completed in this period. The pinnacle of his creation is the famous opera Magic Bomb Shooter, which was completed at 182 1. The performance was a great success and was regarded as the birth of German national opera with romantic characteristics. The appearance of Magic Bomb Shooter made Weber gain a great reputation and become a musician with world influence. 1823, he wrote the opera Ou Li Ante; 1826, he wrote the last opera oberon at the invitation of Covent Garden Opera House in England. But neither opera has reached the level of magic bullet shooter. He died in London on June 5th, 826 on/kloc-0 due to the cold reception and long-term fatigue in the performance of Ou Li Ante. (3) As the originator of romantic music, Weber actively engaged in creation, performance, command and music social activities, which opened the way for the new romantic music art.. The romantic temperament, imaginative characteristics, pursuit of national and folk interests, dramatic plot conception and the technique of paying attention to color change in his works have all had a great influence on the development of romantic music. As the founder of romantic opera, his creation was carried out under the background of the rise of romantic thoughts in Germany and the high national consciousness. Especially when the opera stage is dominated by Italian and French operas, the romantic national opera initiated by Weber is of great significance in both theme and style. Weber's early opera works can already be seen to be different from his predecessors' romantic tendency. His works, such as Peter Schmohl and His Neighbor, Girba Na, etc., whether they depict the sunshine and storm in the forest skillfully with orchestral music, or the love legend of the knight and the coincidence of fate in the plot, all give birth to the style characteristics of operas such as Magic Bomb Shooter and Ou Li Ante. Among his 10 operas, the most representative one is Magic Bomb Shooter. With unprecedented romantic temperament and national style, this work created a new way of opera creation and made Weber occupy an important position in the history of music. This opera is based on an ancient folklore, in which Max, the protagonist, wavers between good and evil in pursuit of love and happiness. In order to achieve his goal, he finally succumbed to Caspar's temptation, met the devil and went to Wolf Valley to refine the magic bomb. At the critical moment of the game, he realized that with the help of the hermit, the demon robber missed the beautiful and kind agate, and the sinister Caspar was punished as he deserved. Finally, under the mediation of the hermit, Max was forgiven by the Duke of Ottokar. Opera expresses the theme that light triumphs over darkness and goodness triumphs over evil, which has certain progressive significance in the feudal restoration period when darkness stifles. The description of mountain scenery and life customs in the opera and the author's use of national and folk tones are in sharp contrast with the Italian and French operas that showed off their singing skills and pursued gorgeous and brilliant effects at that time, which made the German people feel fresh and cordial. In the structure of the opera, the author compares the simple life of realism (such as 1, 3 acts) with the fantastic Wolf Valley (2 acts) to pursue a new romantic atmosphere. Explicit motivation is adopted in the overture of opera, and the theme in the overture is mainly taken from the tunes in opera. The relationship and development between themes reflect the relationship between characters, the development process of plot and the theme of opera, which provides experience for the writing method of summarizing plot in overture. The style, content, structure and orchestration of the whole opera had a great influence on the later romantic opera creation, especially on R Wagner's opera. In order to realize the ideal of establishing a German heroic opera and pursue the dramatic contrast of moral power in opera, Weber made a new attempt in the creation of Ou Li Ante. This opera got rid of the influence of German aria opera in structure, enriched the role of duet and chorus in the opera structure, and changed the term "white" into "recitation tune", which made some explorations to break through the traditional closed music structure. For example, put the aria into a larger scene structure, or connect various readings of different nature. Opera has further developed in orchestration and harmony. For example, the use of harmony based on the comparison of diatonic and chromatic scales, the comparison of vibrato between 8 violins with mute and 1 violins without mute, and so on. , are very representative. In particular, the dominant motive technology used in the magic bomb shooter has been further developed here. For example, Aiglin Ting's dominant motivation changed with her thoughts and feelings, which had a significant impact on Wagner's future opera creation. Due to the influence of German negative romanticism, the theme of this opera has not been able to get rid of the mystery of medieval knight legend, and the music lacks individuality. However, these new explorations are still meaningful in the history of German opera development, and have been affirmed by R Schumann, F Liszt, Wagner and others. Oberon is Weber's last 1 opera. In the play, Oberon, the immortal king, quarreled with Titan Niya, the fairy queen, and found a convicted knight who went to the East, and experienced all kinds of absurd adventures and love entanglements. Finally, the knight and his lover escaped from danger under the magic horn, oberon and Xianhou reconciled, the knight was pardoned, and both of them had a happy love. This is a typical romantic legend, which was very popular when it was staged in London. The structure of opera is loose, and the music lacks internal unity and coherence, which is more like the score of a drama. However, the overture was written generally and vividly, which inherited the tradition of the magic bullet shooter and Ou Li Ante and was often performed in concerts. Besides opera, Weber also created a lot of dramatic music, instrumental music and vocal music, among which concerto occupies a certain position in his orchestral works. Weber was one of the earliest composers who combined the title with the traditional form of concerto. Concertino, which he composed for piano and orchestra at 182 1, is such a new concerto with romantic characteristics. The music summarizes the knight's expedition, his wife's lonely waiting and the knight's triumph through several paragraphs. Although the musical expression is not profound enough, this technique has certain influence on the later romantic instrumental writing. In addition, some of his piano concertos often like to use strange combinations in the band part (such as adagio movements of piano concertosNo. 1 and No.2), which is consistent with his rich orchestral music and his emphasis on color and effect in opera. The clarinet concerto in Weber's concert music is also full of romance. His love for clarinet and other wind instruments also reflects the romantic writers' deep feelings for folk music. Many of Weber's piano works are written for his own performance. Among them, "Gorgeous Rondo in D Major" composed by 18 19 is a famous title piano dance music. With easy-to-understand music, he described the exultation and warm atmosphere in the dance when a gentleman invited his female companion, and the scene where men and women were seated at the end of the dance. Because of its gorgeous technique and orchestral effect, it has been adapted into orchestral music twice (by H Berlioz in 184 1, by F Weingartner in 1896). This combination of life customs and dance music provided an example for later romantic writers to create title piano music. It is reflected in some works of Schumann, Chopin, Liszt and Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky. In addition, some variations and dance music he wrote also have gorgeous skills. Weber also wrote many music reviews. Apart from some scattered essays and concert comments, more importantly, he wrote an autobiographical novel "A Musician's Life" from 1809 to 1820. In Weber's commentary, apart from some comments on the music life at that time and recommendations to unknown and promising musicians, the most important thing is his views on opera, especially his concern about the establishment of German opera. His critical articles reflect certain progressive aesthetic thoughts. For example, he thinks that music criticism must have thought and insight, and should support the progress of art. But sometimes it is inevitable that it is one-sided and biased. (1) Biography: carl maria von weber (1786- 1826), a German composer and a pioneer of romantic opera. Like many romantic artists, Wilbur is a versatile musician who has played his talents in the German romantic opera stage, and is also a critic and writer. Weber's music creation has a wide range of fields, and his most famous masterpieces are embodied in opera and piano works. (2) Representative works: Opera "Magic Bomb Shooter", "oberon", piano music "Invitation to Dance" and so on. (3) Artistic achievements: ① The birth of Magic Bomb Shooter (182 1 Berlin premiere) marked the beginning of a new period in the history of European opera development and became the cornerstone of European romantic opera. Weber is also considered as the founder of romantic opera in western Europe. (2) Wilbur's Magic Bullet Shooter made German opera get rid of the influence of Italian opera. Its characteristics are: absorbing the characteristics of German opera, using words instead of recitation, and aria is often permeated with folk materials. Music description focuses on rendering atmosphere and is full of romantic fantasy. Opera overture is closely related to the plot, using the method of "explicit motivation" These characteristics have opened up a new road for Wagner's opera, and directly led to the rise of Russian, Czech, Polish and other national operas. (3) Invitation to Dance is a masterpiece of romantic piano music, which depicts the vivid process of acquaintance, communication and invitation to dance before the dance. This piano piece was later adapted into an orchestra by Berlioz and has been widely circulated.