First, the elements of rural landscape
1.
What is rural landscape?
2.
Rural landscape classification
Rural settlement landscape: Rural settlement landscape is completely different from urban landscape. First of all, for the rural landscape, the building volume is relatively small, the building form is mainly local characteristic buildings, the building materials are mainly local stone and wood, and the houses are sparse; Secondly, most rural buildings have courtyards in front of the houses, which is essentially different from urban buildings. At the same time, it also caused the low density of rural buildings.
Rural cultural landscape: as far as a village is concerned, rural cultural landscape is a synthesis of village surface phenomena, which reflects the geographical characteristics of villages in this area and the unique regional culture formed in the whole development process of villages. He is the historical record of human activities and the carrier of cultural inheritance, and also has important historical and cultural value.
Rural plant landscape: Rural plant landscape is a combination of natural ecological environment, agricultural civilization form and humanistic ecological environment, including crops in farmland, trees in orchards and weeds by streams. Rural plant landscape is the label of local regional characteristics.
Second, the principles and key points of rural landscape design
1.
design principle
Ecological principle: in rural landscape design, we should strictly abide by the ecological design of the landscape and fully respect the original natural ecological environment of the countryside.
Economic principle: The main content of rural landscape is economic structure. The countryside is an important economic unit, which is influenced by agricultural technology, natural resources and farming methods. Extensive agriculture has always been an important factor that puzzles the development of rural economy. Establishing an efficient artificial ecosystem is the principle and starting point of rural landscape planning.
Regional principle: each region has its own unique rural landscape, which embodies the unique regional characteristics of the countryside.
As far as natural landscape is concerned, the integrity and diversity of natural landscape must be maintained. The ecological principle of landscape planning and design is to create a quiet, suitable and natural production and living environment. Fully respecting the characteristics of regional landscape plays an extremely important role in showing rural landscape.
As far as human landscape is concerned, landscape planning and design should go deep into rural cultural resources, such as local customs, folk culture, celebrity allusions and so on. And develop and utilize it in various forms, improve the humanistic taste of rural areas and realize the sustainable development of landscape resources.
Principle of integration: When planning and arranging villages, we should absorb the layout of local villages, and the design of buildings should reflect the local style. At the same time, we should respect the existing ponds, hillsides and vegetation in the village, design some artificial landscapes according to local conditions, and try our best to maintain the original rural landscape form.
2.
Key points of design
Aiming at the rational utilization of rural land and landscape planning of rural tourism development, this paper discusses the ecological planning model of rural landscape combining "centralized and decentralized ecological network" and "top-down". On the application of landscape ecological method in leisure agriculture planning: The discerning man holds that rural landscape planning and design should adopt four methods: protecting ecological environment, improving landscape structure, building ecological engineering and creating harmonious artificial landscape.
Need to pay attention to the following points:
The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China formally put forward the strategy of rural revitalization, and rural cultural revitalization is the soul of rural revitalization. Prospering rural culture and building a civilized new countryside are the main development directions of rural culture. The revitalization of rural culture should rely on regional characteristics and rural social nature, integrate rural industrial upgrading, social structure optimization, ecological environment improvement and other factors, stimulate the "cultural self-confidence" of rural social members, and realize the revival of rural civilization in the spirit of traditional local culture and modern lifestyle.
Third, rural landscape design methods
1.
Space Layout
Production area: Generally speaking, the production area is the largest area in beautiful countryside, which is the guarantee of economic development.
Residential areas: Villagers' residential areas in beautiful countryside are generally in the form of quadrangles. In addition to the renovation of the facade of the village house, the renovation of the front and back of the house is also an important aspect to enhance the landscape effect.
Assembly area: villagers' activity square and large stage can be added for people to rest, meet and communicate.
Traffic area: under the condition of ensuring the safety of pedestrians, the landscape atmosphere on both sides of the road is mainly created, and the artistic conception of plants is mainly created.
2.
Space construction
Point space "Point space promotion points: planting high-yield fruit trees in the courtyard, highlighting the characteristics of the four seasons. Planting vine vegetables, loofah, cucumber and other vegetable landscapes. , and the layout of wells, traditional farm tools, stone mills, gondolas, pulleys, plows and other facilities landscape. In the yard.
Key points of "line" space "line" space promotion: different visual effects can be achieved through the changes of hedges, plants, their height, tree posture and color on both sides of the road. Planting vegetables or fruit trees in the transitional zone on both sides of the street will bloom in spring and bear fruit in autumn, which will make the street landscape of the village more idyllic.
"Noodles" space "Noodles" space promotion points: coordinate the color changes and scale collocation of different crops such as fruit trees, vegetables, sorghum, rice fields, wheat fields and rape. Create a landscape atmosphere with the neat rhythm of farmland, spring and autumn fruits of fruit trees, lush nurseries and colorful flowers.
3.
Morphological organization
Static space Static space form refers to the aesthetic feeling of watching the scenery when the viewpoint is fixed in a relatively fixed space range. With the sky and the earth as the background, create a relaxed and broad-minded aesthetic feeling; It shows the beauty of shade depth of field in the space composed of dense Woods and farmland; The landscape is environmentally friendly, and the space surrounded by waterfalls gives people a cool beauty; Surrounded by mountains and valleys, it gives people a deep and quiet beauty.
In the process of experiencing dynamic space, the space for viewing through viewpoint movement is called dynamic space. The dynamic landscape space display has three paragraphs: the beginning, the climax and the end. According to the spatial sequence of traditional village buildings, farmland planting areas, flower nurseries, vegetable orchards and other rural landscapes, a complete landscape sequence is formed.
4.
Landscape details
Village sign design: The village sign design is generally located at the main entrance of the village. If necessary, the village sign can be set at the end of the village to echo each other.
Key points of design: The main forms of village signs are memorial archways, spiritual fortresses, large signboards and columns. Village rules and regulations must be combined with local characteristics and culture. Pay attention to the overall size of the village brand, the choice of building materials, the collocation of colors and so on.
Reconstruction of building facade
Key points of design: On the basis of the original structure of the building, the renovation of the building facade is to add decorative elements with regional characteristics and rural culture, and to start with materials and elements, and to "lightly renovate" the building facade under the principle of respecting the site culture.
Cultural node construction: Cultural node construction refers to the landscape construction of a series of public places such as villagers' activity squares and big stages, which not only highlights local characteristics, but also has the functions of publicity and education, popularizing local culture to villagers and advocating cultural inheritance.
Design points: Reasonable layout of leisure facilities, publicity columns, fitness equipment, cultural sculptures, etc. Landscape elements should conform to local culture, mainly to highlight regional characteristics.
Plant design: The plant design in beautiful countryside is very different from the plant configuration in the city, and there is no professional to maintain it for a long time.
Key points of design: select native tree species that can grow freely without long-term care, and create an original ecological rural plant landscape in the countryside. Choose perennial herbs for grass flowers, and remember not to choose biennial seasonal flowers.
Supporting facilities and sculpture sketch design: Supporting facilities include rest corridors, rest stools, publicity columns, lamps, etc. Sculpture sketches can be wells, farm tools, stone mills, stone mills, gondolas, winches, farm tools, etc. It can also be a sculpture that highlights local cultural characteristics.
Design points: the layout should be reasonable, the style should be unified with local characteristics, the volume should be moderate, and the material selection should reflect local culture and ecological culture.