Renaissance is an ideological and cultural movement in 14 ~ 16 century, which reflects the requirements of the emerging bourgeoisie in western European countries. Its main center was originally in Italy, and it expanded to Germany, the Netherlands, Britain, France and Spain in the16th century. From 14 to16th century, Italian humanist writers and scholars have been using the concept of "Renaissance". The word comes from Italian "Rinascita" and is usually written as "Renaissance" in French. It summarizes the characteristics of literary and artistic activities since Giotto and has been used by all countries in the world so far. China is literally translated as "rebirth" or "rebirth movement", but the translation of "Renaissance" has been generally accepted. At that time, people thought that literature and art had been highly prosperous in the classical era of Greece and Rome, but declined in the "dark age" of the Middle Ages, and did not "regenerate" and "revive" until after14th century. Therefore, the Renaissance emphasized that the new culture was based on classics, but it was not a simple classical Renaissance, but actually the creation of a new anti-feudal culture. Renaissance is mainly manifested in the general upsurge of science, literature and art, but in different countries, due to different social, economic and historical conditions, it has its own characteristics.

At the end of Italian Renaissance 13 and the beginning of 04+08, Italy was the earliest capitalist country in Europe. However, due to the unbalanced political and economic development, the advanced areas are limited to a few cities, especially Florence and Venice. In Florence, located in central Italy, there are seven guilds, mainly focusing on wool, banking and cloth processing industries. They not only control Florence's economy, but also directly control the city's political power. Members of the Presbyterian Church, the highest authority in Florence, can only be elected from among its members by seven guilds. The nobles were deprived of the right to participate in the political power, and the workers were in a helpless position. Under this political and economic background, Florence became the birthplace and the largest center of the Renaissance in Italy and even Europe.

Renaissance is an ideological and cultural movement in 14 ~ 16 century, which reflects the requirements of the emerging bourgeoisie in western European countries. Its main center was originally in Italy, and it expanded to Germany, the Netherlands, Britain, France and Spain in the16th century.

The development of the Renaissance has roughly experienced four stages:

(1)13rd century belongs to the early Renaissance, and its outstanding feature is that the development of literature has reached an unprecedented level. The cultural center city of this period was Florence. The representative figures are three writers called "the top three masters": Dante (1265 to 132 1), Petrarch (1304 to 1374) and Boccaccio (/kloc-0). Because their works are widely circulated, the dialect of Florence, the hometown of these three poets, has become the predecessor of modern Italian. At this stage, the master Giotto (1267 to 1337), who is revered as the father of European painting, has a direct influence on the Italian painting style in 100.

(2) The period from the end of14 to the first half of 15 is the preparation period for the climax of the Renaissance. During this period, humanism and literature and art developed further, resulting in a number of high-level painters, sculptors and architects, such as painter Ma Saqiao (140 1 to 1428) and sculptor Donatello (1386 to1428). Among them, the large vault of Florence church designed by Brunelleschi from 1434 to 1437 is magnificent and unforgettable.

(3) From the end of15 to the first half of 16, the Renaissance flourished and the cultural center city was transferred from Florence to Rome. The main representatives are the last three masters-Da Vinci (1452 to 15 19), Michelangelo (1475 to 1564) and Raphael (1483 to 654). The Mona Lisa, The Last Supper, David, The Sadness of the Virgin and Lady Sisto, as well as a large number of murals in the Raphael Studio of the Vatican Museum, are treasures of the world art galleries and are well-known in China.

(4) The second half of16th century to the first half of17th century is the late Renaissance. The representatives of this period are four famous Venetian painters: giorgione, Titian (1490 to 1576), Veronica and Tintoretto, and three famous scientists and thinkers: Bruno, Galileo and campanella.