China is the hometown of tea. Tea making and drinking have a history of thousands of years, and there are many famous products. The main varieties are green tea, black tea, oolong tea, scented tea, white tea, yellow tea and black tea. Tea has the curative effect of strengthening the body and curing diseases, and is full of appreciation interest, which can cultivate sentiment. Tea tasting and entertaining guests are elegant personal entertainment and social activities in China, while sitting in teahouses and tea parties are social group tea activities in China. Chinese tea art enjoys a high reputation in the world. The Tang Dynasty was introduced to Japan, and the Japanese tea ceremony was formed.
Tea drinking began in China. Tea is washed with boiling water, which is natural, elegant and tasteful. Seeking the inherent taste of tea, we should focus on artistic conception. This is the characteristic of tea tasting in China. Tea of the same quality, such as different water, different tea sets or different brewing techniques, will have different effects. China has attached great importance to tea brewing since ancient times and accumulated rich experience. To make tea well, it is necessary to understand the characteristics of various teas and master the scientific brewing technology, so as to fully display the inherent quality of tea.
People in China pay attention to the word "quality" when drinking tea. "Tea tasting" is not only to identify the advantages and disadvantages of tea, but also to daydream and appreciate the taste of tea. Making a pot of strong tea in your busy schedule, choosing a quiet place and taking a sip by yourself can relieve fatigue, relieve boredom, refresh yourself, sip slowly, enjoy beauty and sublimate the spiritual world to a noble artistic realm. The environment for tea tasting is generally composed of buildings, gardens, furnishings, tea sets and other factors. Drinking tea requires quietness, freshness, comfort and cleanliness. China's gardens are world-famous, and the scenery is even more numerous. Use gardens or natural mountains and rivers to set up tea rooms, so that people can rest and be full of interest.
China is an ancient civilization and a country of etiquette, which attaches great importance to etiquette. When the guests come, the etiquette of making tea and offering tea is essential. When guests come to visit, you can argue and choose the best tea set that best suits the taste of the guests. When offering tea to guests, it is also necessary to mix tea properly. When drinking tea with guests, the host should pay attention to the tea residue in the guest's cup and pot. Generally speaking, tea is brewed in a teacup. If you have already drunk half of it, you should add boiling water to make the concentration of tea basically the same and the water temperature appropriate. When drinking tea, it can also be properly accompanied by tea, candy, dishes and so on. To achieve the effect of regulating taste and snacks.
Oolong tea, as a representative of China tea, is a semi-fermented tea, which is characterized by transparent amber tea soup.
Oolong tea, which best embodies the characteristics of China tea culture, is called "Kung Fu Tea" because of its delicate taste and time-consuming brewing.
Tea culture knowledge
Without scientific instruments and methods, the quality of tea can be evaluated by color, aroma and shape. Using these four aspects to evaluate the quality of tea is usually identified by looking, smelling, touching and tasting. That is, look at the appearance, look at the color, smell the aroma, touch the bones and taste the soup.
① Color-Different teas have different color characteristics. Fried green tea should be yellow-green, baked green should be dark green, steamed green should be emerald green, and Longjing should be bright green with a slight beige color. If the color of green tea is dark and dark brown, the quality must be poor. The vapor color of green tea should be light green or yellowish green, clear and bright; If it is dark yellow or turbid, it is definitely not good tea. Black tea should be bright and oily, and the soup should be bright red. Some top-grade Kung Fu black tea can form a yellow oil ring around the teacup, commonly known as "golden ring"; If the soup is dark and turbid, it must be inferior black tea. Oolong tea should be green, brown and shiny.
2 aroma-all kinds of teas have their own fragrance, such as scented green tea, top-grade green tea with orchid fragrance and chestnut fragrance, and black tea with fragrance, sweetness or floral fragrance; Oolong tea is cooked in Momoka and other places. If the aroma is low, it is classified as inferior tea; Old tea is old; Deteriorated tea leaves have bad smells such as mildew. Even Kuding tea smells natural. Scented tea attracts tea customers with its rich fragrance.
(3) Taste-or the taste of tea. The taste of tea itself consists of bitter, astringent, sweet, fresh and sour ingredients. If the proportion of ingredients is appropriate, the taste will be fresh, mellow and delicious. Meanwhile, different teas have different tastes. The first taste of superior green tea has its bitterness, but the aftertaste is rich and mellow, which makes your mouth full of saliva. Rough and inferior Chaze is tasteless and even has a dull mouth and tongue. Excellent black tea with rich, strong and fresh taste; Low-grade black tea is tasteless. Kuding tea is bitter to eat in the mouth, but sweet to drink.
④ Appearance-The quality of tea can be judged from the appearance of tea, because the quality of tea is directly related to the fresh leaves picked by tea, and also related to the tea making, which is reflected in the appearance of tea. For example, good Longjing tea, smooth and straight, looks like a bowl nail; Good pearl tea has round, compact and uniform particles; Good kung fu black tea is tight, and the red broken tea particles are neat and uniform; Good Maofeng tea, more buds, more buds, and so on. If the rope is loose, the particles are loose, the leaves are rough and the bones are light, it is not good tea.
Method for drink tea and application thereof
The newer the new tea, the better. Improper drinking can easily hurt the stomach. Because new tea has just been picked, it has a short storage time and contains more unoxidized polyphenols, aldehydes and alcohols, which has little effect on healthy people. But for patients with poor gastrointestinal function, especially those with chronic gastrointestinal inflammation, these substances will stimulate gastrointestinal mucosa, and people with poor gastrointestinal function are more likely to induce stomach diseases. Therefore, it is not advisable to drink more new tea, and do not drink new tea that has been stored for less than half a month.
In addition, new tea also contains more caffeine, active alkaloids and various aromatic substances, which will also excite people's central nervous system. Patients with neurasthenia and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases should drink it in moderation, not before going to bed or on an empty stomach.
Medical scientists have conducted tea drinking experiments in hot summer days: measuring the skin temperature with infrared temperature recorder, it is found that eating cold drinks can only cool people's lips, but can not spread the local temperature difference to the whole body, and will be quickly balanced by body temperature; After drinking hot tea for 9 minutes, the whole body skin temperature can gradually drop 1-2℃ for 20 minutes. Although it gradually returned to its original temperature, people still felt cool, light and comfortable.
The correct way is to leave it for half a month before using it.
Tea making program
1, lily bath (cup washing): wash the tea set with boiling water;
2. Guanyin enters the palace (tea): Tieguanyin is put into the tea set, and the amount of tea is about two-fifths of the capacity of the tea set;
3, hanging pot high (tea): raise the boiling water into the teapot or cover the lid to turn the tea leaves.
4, spring breeze stroke (scraping foam): use the pot cover or pot cover to gently scrape off the white foam floating on it to make it fresh and clean;
5. Guan Gong's tour of the city (pouring tea): pour the tea soaked for one or two minutes into the juxtaposed teacups in turn;
6. Han Xin ordered soldiers (tea): When the tea leaves are poured a little, they should be evenly dropped into each teacup bit by bit;
7. Appreciate the color of the soup (see the tea): Observe the color of the tea in the cup;
8. Lu Ganlin (drinking tea): Take a sip of hot tea, smell it first, then taste it, smell it while drinking, and then drink it gently. Although you don't drink much, you can leave fragrance on your teeth and cheeks, and it is only sweet at the end, refreshing and interesting;
Traditional Chinese medicine says tea
Chinese medicine believes that tea is a natural health drink, which can clear the head, promote digestion, and facilitate urination. However, different origins and varieties of tea have different pharmacological effects. Produced in Anhui, called Luo Song, its main function is to "melt food"; Produced in Shaoxing, Zhejiang, it is called Japanese casting, which specializes in "clearing fire"; Produced in Fujian, it is said that it is built tea, which specializes in "making tea"; Born in Liuhe, Kuding specializes in "stopping dysentery"; Pu 'er tea, produced in southern Yunnan, has the functions of promoting digestion, eliminating dysentery and stopping dysentery. It can be seen that tea has great knowledge in medicine.
Not only that, Chinese medicine also believes that there are four seasons in a year, namely, spring, summer, autumn and winter, and tea also has four flavors: cold, hot, warm and cool. Therefore, drinking tea in four seasons should be different.
In spring, the sun is warm, the sun rises and the sun falls, and everything recovers. After a long winter, people "accumulate internal heat", so we should pay attention to expelling cold and evil spirits, supporting yang and consolidating qi. At this time, you should drink scented tea. Because scented tea is rich in fragrance, fragrant but not floating, refreshing but not turbid, it has the functions of regulating qi, relieving depression, eliminating filth and harmonizing the middle energizer, promoting body yang and promoting hair growth, invigorating the spirit and eliminating spring sleepiness.
In summer, the weather is hot, the scorching sun is scorching, the climate is sultry, and a lot of sweating causes the imbalance of water and electrolyte, so a lot of water needs to be replenished. Drink green tea at this time. Because green tea tastes bitter and cold, fresh and refreshing, it has the functions of clearing away heat and relieving summer heat, promoting fluid production to quench thirst and promoting digestion.
Autumn is cool and has the image of small sand. The air is getting dry, and people feel that their skin, nose and throat are dry and uncomfortable. This is called "autumn dryness". At this time, it is advisable to drink green tea, which is green in color, rich in endoplasm and neither too cold nor too hot. Drinking in autumn can moisten skin and dispel dryness, promote fluid production and moisten lung, and clear away heat and cool blood.
It's freezing in winter, freezing in winter and chilling. The human body is in a state of slow absorption and metabolism, and it is easy to suffer from "cold disease". Drink black tea at this time This kind of tea, red leaves and red soup, is mellow, dry and warm, nourishes yang, warms the body, can add milk and sugar, has no fragrance, and can also get rid of greasy and stomach.
Myth: "Tea bag cures all diseases". Some people think that tea is not only a safe drink, but also a good medicine for treating diseases. As we all know, for some patients, it is not advisable to drink tea, especially strong tea. Caffeine in strong tea can make people excited, insomnia and increase metabolic rate, which is not conducive to rest; It can also accelerate the heartbeat of patients with hypertension, coronary heart disease and nephropathy. Even arrhythmia and frequent urination will increase the burden on the heart and kidneys. In addition, caffeine can stimulate gastrointestinal secretion, which is not conducive to the healing of ulcer disease; Tannin in tea has astringent effect, which can slow down intestinal peristalsis and aggravate constipation.
Therapeutic value
Bud leaves of Camellia sinensis, a woody plant of Theaceae. Also known as bitter tea, tea, tea, preserved tea, tea bud, bud tea and fine tea. It is cultivated in the Yangtze River valley and all parts of southern China. In spring, summer and autumn, it is better to harvest young leaves around Qingming Festival. In addition to fresh use, tea leaves are generally processed and refined for later use. There are many kinds of tea, generally green tea, black tea, green tea and so on. From the origin, there are Longjing, Tieguanyin, Qi Hong, Pu 'er tea, Biluochun, Xinyang Maojian tea, Xiangpiqing, Qiqiang tea, Wuyun tea, Oolong tea and other famous teas with different flavors and characteristics.
[Description] It tastes slightly bitter and sweet. It can clear the brain, wake up, relieve polydipsia, induce diuresis, promote digestion and detoxify.
[Reference] Contains caffeine, theophylline, cocoa bean alkali, xanthine, carotene, vitamins B2 and C, amino acids, tannins, volatile oils, triterpenoid saponins, flavonoids and polysaccharides. Caffeine is mostly combined with tannins in tea, especially in young leaves in spring. After tea fermentation, the proportion of free caffeine can be increased.
[Usage] Used for wind-heat attack and dizziness; Heat and thirst, or excessive drinking; Have a good sleep, you will be exhausted. It is not suitable for those with short and red urine, or those with edema and less urine; Accumulation of greasy food and indigestion; Damp-heat diarrhea In addition, it can also be used for people who take metal salts or alkaloids by mistake and do not absorb them.
[Usage] Making tea, decocting soup, grinding powder, etc.
[Note] Blind people should not take it.
Tea drinking etiquette
China is the hometown of tea, with a long history of tea cultivation, strict tea worship etiquette and peculiar tea drinking customs. Tea drinking in China has a history of more than 4,700 years since the Shennong era. Tea ceremony is predestined friends, which has existed since ancient times.
Guests come to offer tea, which is the earliest traditional virtue and etiquette of Han compatriots in China. Until now, guests always make a cup of fragrant tea when they get home. Celebrations, but also like to entertain with refreshments. Tea party is simple, economical, elegant and solemn. The so-called friendship between gentlemen is as light as water, and it also refers to tea with pleasant fragrance.
Our Han compatriots also have various customs of replacing gifts with tea. Hangzhou, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, every long summer, each family cooks new tea and gives it to relatives and friends with all kinds of fine fruits, which is called seven teas. This custom is to put two olives or kumquat in a teacup, which means good luck in the Spring Festival.
Tea ceremony is also a grand ceremony in China's ancient weddings. Xu Mingci said in the book Tea Sparse: If the tea doesn't move, the plants will grow. The ancients married on the knowledge of tea, thinking that tea trees can only germinate from seeds into plants, and cannot be transplanted, otherwise they will die, so they regard tea as an eternal symbol of nature. Therefore, folk men and women get engaged with tea as a gift, and the woman accepts the man's dowry, asking for tea or tea, some of which are called tea, and there is a proverb that they don't eat two teas. At the same time, the etiquette of the whole marriage is always called three teas and six rituals. Three kinds of tea are engagement tea, wedding tea and bedroom tea. Tea is also called "men's tea and women's wine", that is, when engaged, the man's family will send back several jars of Shaoxing wine in addition to the wishful stickers. At the wedding, there will be three tea ceremonies. Three teas, the first cup of 100 fruits and the second cup of lotus seeds and red dates; The third cup is tea. The way to eat, after taking the cup, hold it in your hands, bow deeply, then touch your lips and be taken away by your family. The same is true of the second road. Third, you can't drink until you bow. This is the most respectful etiquette. Of course, these customs are gone now, but the ceremony of offering tea at the wedding is still a habit.
Bird's "Tea Story" contains the article "Tangbian": "Tangbian has three divisions and fifteen divisions. One-day shape discrimination, two-day sound discrimination and three-day gas discrimination.
In the process of making tea, keep a good posture, keep your head straight and your shoulders flat, coordinate your eyes and movements naturally during the action, sink your shoulders, hang your elbows and lift your wrists during the tea making process, use the ups and downs of your wrists to move your hands, and avoid raising your elbows high.