Question 2: What are the organs of the endocrine system? The endocrine system consists of endocrine glands and endocrine cells distributed in other organs. Secretions of endocrine cells are called hormones. Hormones secreted by most endocrine cells act on distant specific cells through blood circulation, and secretions of a few endocrine cells can directly act on neighboring cells, which is called paracrine.
Endocrine glands are some glands in the human body that have no outlet ducts. Its secretions are called hormones. It regulates the growth, development and metabolism of the whole body and the production of pills.
The main endocrine glands in human body are: thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland, pituitary gland, pineal gland, islet, thymus gland and gonad.
Question 3: What is the endocrine system composed of endocrine glands and endocrine cells distributed in other organs? Secretions of endocrine cells are called hormones. Hormones secreted by most endocrine cells act on distant specific cells through blood circulation, and secretions of a few endocrine cells can directly act on neighboring cells, which is called paracrine.
Endocrine glands are some glands in the human body that have no outlet ducts. Its secretions are called hormones. It plays a regulatory role in the growth, development, metabolism and reproduction of the whole body.
The main endocrine glands in human body are: thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland, pituitary gland, pineal gland, islet, thymus gland and gonad.
The thyroid gland is located on both sides of the upper end of the trachea and is butterfly-shaped. It is divided into two lobes, which are connected by isthmus in the middle and span the front of the second and third tracheal cartilages. When a normal person swallows, the thyroid moves up and down with the larynx. The front of the thyroid gland is only covered by a few muscles and fascia, so when it is slightly swollen, it can be felt on the body surface.
The thyroid gland consists of many follicles of different sizes. The follicular wall is a single cubic epithelial cell, which is the secretory cell of the gland. There is a colloid in the vesicle, which is the storage secreted by gland cells. There are abundant capillaries and a small amount of connective tissue between follicles.
The physiological function of thyroid gland is mainly reflected in the following aspects.
1, the effect on metabolism.
① Thermal effect
Thyroid hormone can increase the oxygen consumption rate of most tissues and increase the thermogenic effect. The basal metabolic rate of hyperthyroidism patients can be increased by about 35%; The basal metabolic rate of hypothyroidism patients can be reduced by about 15%.
② Effects on metabolism of three nutrients.
Under normal circumstances, thyroid hormone mainly promotes protein synthesis, especially protein synthesis in bone, skeletal muscle and liver. Excessive secretion of thyroid hormone causes protein, especially protein in skeletal muscle, to be decomposed and consumed. In sugar metabolism, thyroid hormone can promote the absorption of sugar and the decomposition of liver glycogen. At the same time, it can also promote the utilization of sugar by peripheral tissues. In a word, it accelerates the metabolism of sugar and fat, especially the decomposition and oxidation process of sugar, fat and protein in many tissues, thus increasing the oxygen consumption and heat production of the body.
2. Promote growth and development.
Mainly to promote the metabolic process, so that the normal growth and development of the human body, especially the development of bones and nervous system has a significant role in promoting. Therefore, if children develop hypothyroidism during their growth, they will be stunted, mentally retarded and short stature, which is clinically called dementia.
3. Improve the excitability of the nervous system.
Thyroxine can improve the excitability of nervous system, especially sympathetic nervous system. Thyroxine can directly act on myocardium, which can enhance myocardial contractility and accelerate heart rate. Therefore, patients with hyperthyroidism often show irritability, insomnia, tachycardia and sweating.
There are four parathyroids, two on the left and two on the right, which are located at the posterior edges of both sides of the thyroid gland, with a total weight of about 100 mg. Parathyroid hormone secreted by parathyroid gland plays a role in regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body. On the one hand, it inhibits the reabsorption of phosphorus by renal tubules and promotes the reabsorption of calcium by renal tubules, on the other hand, it promotes the release of phosphorus and calcium by bone cells into the blood, thus increasing the calcium content in the blood. Therefore, the normal secretion of parathyroid gland makes the calcium in the blood not too low and the blood phosphorus not too high, thus keeping the calcium and phosphorus in the blood in an appropriate proportion.
The pituitary gland is oval and weighs less than 65438±0g. Pituitary fossa located at the base of skull is connected with hypothalamus through pituitary stalk, which is divided into gland part and nerve part. It secretes a variety of hormones.
1? Growth hormone is related to bone growth. If it is lacking in childhood, it will interrupt the growth of long bones and form dwarfism. If it is excessive, it will lead to overgrowth of long bones all over the body and form gigantism.
2? Prolactin can promote mammary gland hyperplasia and the production and secretion of milk.
3? Gonadotropins, including follicle hormone and luteinizing hormone, can promote the secretion of male and female hormones and the maturation of follicles and luteinizing hormone.
4? Corticotropin mainly acts on the fibrous bundles and reticular zone of adrenal cortex, promoting the secretion of adrenocortical hormone. If the hormone is deficient, the symptoms will be the same as Atkinson's disease, except that there is no skin pigmentation.
5? Thyroid stimulating hormone acts on the thyroid gland, which increases the thyroid gland and the production and secretion of thyroxine. The deficiency of this hormone will cause hypothyroidism.
6? In addition to the above hormones, the pituitary gland also secretes thyrotropin. & gt
Question 4: What is the composition of endocrine system? Endocrine system is a body fluid regulation system composed of endocrine glands (hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland, gonad, islet, etc.). ) and some organs, tissues and cells with endocrine function. Endocrine system mainly regulates human growth, development, reproduction, metabolism, exercise, organ function, aging and other life phenomena through hormones secreted in local, adjacent tissues, body cavities or through blood circulation to distant target organs, so as to maintain the relative balance and stability of human internal environment.
Question 5: What does endocrine mean? Improve endocrine disorders mainly from the following five aspects:
1. Mentality: Keep a cheerful and optimistic mood and a peaceful mentality, especially pay attention to how to relax and relieve mental stress, overcome anxiety and tension in daily life, strive to improve self-control ability, and avoid endocrine disorders of all unhealthy spirits such as shock, anger and fear.
2. Diet: The food should be varied and reasonably matched, close to vegetables and fruits, and eat less greasy and * * * food. Edible oil is mainly vegetable oil, supplemented by animal oil, in order to obtain more unsaturated fatty acids and regulate endocrine disorders.
3, detoxification: usually pay attention to keep the stool, urine, sweat glands unblocked, so that all waste and toxins produced by the body have a smooth excretion channel, so we must pay attention to timely replenishment of drinking water, pay attention to the prevention and treatment of constipation and other symptoms, you need to sweat when sweating.
4. Improvement of sexual life: Studies have shown that many endocrine diseases such as lobular hyperplasia of breast and chloasma are related to long-term celibacy, disharmony between husband and wife, or too little life between husband and wife. Therefore, maintaining family harmony and husband and wife life harmony is of great significance to maintaining women's physical and mental health, delaying ovarian function decline and regulating endocrine disorders.
5. Exercise: At ordinary times, everyone should pay attention to outdoor sports, actively participate in fitness exercises, and work and rest on time every day to achieve a combination of work and rest. In particular, we should control nightlife and actively ensure adequate sleep.
Tip: If people find symptoms of endocrine disorders, they must seek medical treatment as soon as possible and do effective nursing work in their lives.
You can drink purple grape liniment to help improve the internal environment, regulate endocrine disorders, and enhance your own resistance and immunity.
Question 6: What is the endocrine system? What are the main endocrine glands of the human body? Endocrine system is an information transmission system to maintain internal environment stability. Hormone is a special organic compound with high biological activity produced by endocrine cells. Hormones produced by endocrine cells are not delivered to the skin surface or the inner cavity of organs, but are directly released into extracellular fluid or delivered to its functional cells or tissues and organs through blood, so it is called endocrinology. The main endocrine glands in human body are pituitary gland (including adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis), thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, islet, adrenal gland (including cortex and medulla) and gonad.