Pulmonary nodules are caused by local fibrous tissue, alveolar epithelial tissue, or loose connective tissue, tumor itself, mycobacterium tuberculosis itself and other diseases. We should attach great importance to it, and we must understand the nature of nodules and do pathological examination. Pulmonary nodules refer to focal, round-like, high-density solid or sub-solid lung shadows with a diameter of ≤3cm in the lung on imaging.

Pulmonary nodule refers to a round or irregular lesion with a diameter less than or equal to 3cm in the lung, which appears as a nodular shadow on chest radiograph or chest CT. Among them, those with a diameter less than 1cm are called pulmonary nodules, and those with a diameter less than 0.5cm are called microscopic nodules. Inflammation, tuberculosis and tumors can all lead to pulmonary nodules.

Pulmonary nodules are divided into three types according to density: solid nodules, partial solid nodules and ground glass nodules.

According to statistics, 80% ~ 90% of pulmonary nodules found in physical examination are benign. Therefore, if pulmonary nodules are found, don't worry too much, but you can't take them lightly. Pathologically, lung nodules may be these things:

(1) inflammatory degeneration

Virus, bacteria and other infections, causing pneumonia, resulting in relatively high local tissue density, lung nodules will appear. It can be characterized by ground-glass degeneration or solid nodules, which have different manifestations due to different inflammation. After anti-infection treatment, such nodules will naturally disappear without surgery.

(2) Adenomatous hyperplasia

Histologically, adenomatous hyperplasia is the first and necessary step of lung cancer. Adenomatous hyperplasia is like soybeans soaked in water, which will germinate sooner or later, and once germinated, it will become cancer in situ.

(3) adenocarcinoma in situ

What is adenocarcinoma in situ? Since it is called cancer, it means that it has cancer cells, but it has not gone to other places and is still in place. At this point, visible cancer nodules have formed in situ.

(4) Invasive cancer

Cancer in situ continues to develop, just like bean sprouts have to take root after germination. Once rooted, it is called invasive cancer, which can be divided into micro-invasive cancer and invasive adenocarcinoma.

2. Precancerous lesions: atypical hyperplasia of epithelial cells.

3. Malignant lesions: lung lesions caused by primary lung cancer or cancer metastasis in other parts or organs in the past.

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