Men who only have a lot of resources and social status are not qualified to be worthy of women, because even if men have more resources, they are unwilling to make a commitment to raise their offspring, which will also make women and future generations face a crisis of survival. The research on mate selection shows that the reliability characteristics of men, such as "honesty", are very important. The reliability of men provides women with at least two valuable clues: first, reliable men will attach importance to commitment, have a sense of responsibility, be able to provide rich resources for long-term spouses without interruption, and assume the important responsibility of raising future generations. Second, reliable men will not be ambiguous with others and turn their resources elsewhere. It is very important for women who choose reliable men to obtain the resources they and their descendants need stably. 2.2 Male preference for mate selection
From a physiological point of view, men only need to make women conceive and successfully reproduce genes. The more frequently they choose a mate, the greater the chance of getting offspring. So why do men choose long-term spouses? First, ancient women needed the promise of a lot of resources from men before sexual intercourse. In this way, if a man tends to choose a short-term spouse, then the price he has to pay will be much greater. From an economic point of view, it is obviously inappropriate for most men to invest a lot of resources in different women frequently in order to reproduce genes, and the price is too expensive. Second, choosing a long-term spouse can determine the identity of the father of the child. In nature, females only ovulate once a year. During ovulation, male animals will be extra vigilant to prevent their spouses from mating with other male animals to ensure that female animals are pregnant with their own offspring. For human beings, it is impossible for men to stay with women all day to ensure the identity of their children's fathers, which will consume a lot of time and energy and affect their normal life and work. Therefore, men can save their time and energy and ensure the accuracy of gene reproduction by choosing a long-term spouse through marriage. Third, choosing a long-term spouse increases the possibility of offspring's survival. In ancient society, children who lacked the protection of their fathers had little chance of surviving. If men choose short-term sex, they will.
Put their offspring in danger of survival. Therefore, for the effective reproduction of genes, most men prefer to choose long-term spouses. Since most people choose the same long-term spouse, is there a difference between men and women? A large number of studies show that men and women are completely different in terms of long-term mate selection conditions and psychological mechanisms. Different from women's preference for men's social status, economic status, age and other factors, men need to consider women's fertility when choosing long-term spouses.
(1) age
In order to effectively reproduce genes, men must look for fertile women as spouses, and age is an important indicator to measure fertility. The golden age of female reproduction is around 25 years old. After this period, the body function began to "decline" and the fertility also declined. The older you get, the worse your fertility is. Therefore, men are willing to find a young woman as a long-term spouse, because she represents a strong reproductive ability.
(2) Appearance characteristics
Female reproductive capacity is related to physical characteristics [7]. Mature and healthy women usually have external characteristics, such as soft hair, smooth and elastic skin, big and bright eyes, strong figure and vitality. However, when a woman is over 25 years old, her appearance will change accordingly. For example, her hair will gradually lose its luster, her face will be dark yellow, her skin will lose its elasticity, and even her breasts and buttocks will relax. Appearance and behavior are strong evidence of women's reproductive ability, so men are eager for women with good looks. No matter in the East or the West, when men choose a spouse, they all take the clues of "shiny hair", "elastic skin" and "brisk and powerful walking" as factors to consider, which is also the standard and basis for men to evaluate the beauty of women. In the past, because human beings were short of clothes and food, the fullness of women was the basis for measuring physical health, wealth and adequate nutrition. In the ancient Tang Dynasty in China, it was popular to regard fat as beauty, because fullness symbolized strong reproductive ability, rich family wealth and energetic parenting. However, people in modern society prefer slim women, not because men's mate selection strategies have changed, but because in the current food-rich culture, the rich show their differences from others by being slim. In addition, the factor affecting fertility is the waist-hip ratio of women, and a lot of evidence shows that the waist-hip ratio is an accurate indicator of women's fertility status. After puberty, the waist-hip ratio of healthy women is between 0.67 and 0.8. Women with lower waist-hip ratio have earlier endocrine activities in adolescence, while women with higher waist-hip ratio will encounter more difficulties in pregnancy and pregnancy preparation.
Gender is listed as one of the important factors causing dystocia. In addition, women with low waist-hip ratio can greatly reduce the risk of heart disease and diabetes. Therefore, in the long-term evolution process, men's mate selection strategy for women is undoubtedly very correct.
3. Maintain gender relations
In the relationship between men and women, both men and women will have sexual jealousy caused by partner infidelity. For a man, if his spouse betrays his marriage, he will not only lose a lot of time, energy and wealth, but also raise offspring for other men without knowing it. Therefore, men's sexual jealousy of women stems from women's infidelity. For women, if a partner betrays himself and makes an emotional commitment to other women, then he is bound to transfer his existing resources and energy to other women and children, so that women will get less resources and even bear the heavy responsibility of raising their offspring alone. This long-term transfer of resources will hit women much harder than the betrayal of their spouses' bodies. Therefore, women's sexual jealousy mainly focuses on their partners' emotional infidelity [8].
Therefore, in the face of differences in sexual jealousy, both sexes will adopt different strategies to protect their spouses. There are at least three advantages for men to treat women's sexual jealousy: ① to improve their vigilance against the same sex. Buss et al.' s research found that sexual jealousy makes men wary of all men of the same sex who are closely related to their spouses, and at the same time takes corresponding measures, such as hiding their spouses and reducing the chances of contact with other men. (2) ensure the identity of the father. There are many advantages for women to get in touch with other men, such as increasing the source of resources, choosing genes to reproduce well, and having a better spouse. The result of this is to increase the uncertainty of the parent-child relationship of future generations. Therefore, male sexual jealousy can reduce or prevent the occurrence of such things and ensure the accuracy of genes. ③ It can make men give their partners more love and attention. Because of the danger of competing for a spouse with the same sex, men will increase the investment of resources, energy and time, give their spouses more love and attention, and minimize the chances of their spouses contacting other men while improving their competitive advantage.
For sexual jealousy, women's strategy of keeping their spouses depends more on improving their sexual attraction. Because men value women's reproductive value, and the indicators to measure reproductive value are women's age and figure, so women are unambiguous in enhancing their sexual attraction. In recent years, the cosmetics industry has become popular, and the high sales of cosmetics and clothing in the ranking of commodity sales is a good evidence.